Global Journal of Management and Business Research, B: Economics and Commerce, Volume 20 Issue 1

V. C onclusion and I mplications GPR(s) in West Africa are an important determinant for foreign investment since it has a significant impact on the flow of foreign direct investment in West Africa. However, not all components of GPR affect the inflows of foreign direct investment in the same way. The implications of these findings are in two folds Firstly foreign investors must-have information on GPR before making an investment decisions because such risks have the potential to affect business operation.Foreign investors also need to know how GPRs affect different regions by so doing they can assess whether GPR(s) fits within their risk appetite and risk-culture.This also means, foreign firms need to have a department or consultant for the identification and assessment of GPR(s) Secondly, government or country governancesystem needs to take into cognizance the GPR(s) that can cause a reduction in the flow of FDI.components such as natural disasters,exchange rate regulation quality have a negative relationship with FDI,therefore the government needs to adjust or improve such issues or create policies that can address them R eferences R éférences R eferencias 1. Agnew, J. and S. Corbridge (1989). "The new geopolitics: the dynamics of geopolitical disorder." A world in crisis: 266-288. 2. Aysan, A. F., et al. (2019). "Effects of the geopolitical risks on Bitcoin returns and volatility." Research in International Business and Finance47: 511-518. 3. Baek, K. and X. Qian (2011). "An analysis on political risks and the flow of foreign direct investment in developing and industrialized economies." Economics, Management and Financial Markets 6 (4): 60. 4. Balcilar, M., et al. (2018). "Geopolitical risks and stock market dynamics of the BRICS." Economic Systems 42 (2): 295-306. 5. Barthel, F., et al. (2010). "The impact of double taxation treaties on foreign direct investment: evidence from large dyadic panel data." Contemporary Economic Policy 28 (3): 366-377. 6. Busse, M. and C. Hefeker (2007). "Political risk, institutions and foreign direct investment." European journal of political economy 23 (2): 397-415. 7. Caldara, D. and M. Iacoviello (2018). "Measuring Geopolitical Risk. Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System." International Finance Discussion Paper (1222). 9. Clarke, H. D., et al. (2017). Brexit, Cambridge University Press. 10. Collier, P. M. and S. Agyei-Ampomah (2006). CIMA Learning System 2007 Management Accounting- Risk and Control Strategy, Elsevier. 11. Commission, C. o. S. O. o. t. T. (2004). Enterprise risk management-integrated framework: executive summary & framework, American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA). 12. Curtis, P. and M. Carey (2012). "COSO: Risk assessment in practice." Deloitte & Touche LLP. [Web blog post]. Retrieved from. 13. Dictionary, M.-W. (2006). The Merriam-Webster Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, Incorporated. 14. Flint, C. (2006). Introduction to geopolitics, Routledge. 15. Gulen, H. and M. Ion (2015). "Policy uncertainty and corporate investment." The Review of Financial Studies 29 (3): 523-564. 16. IIA (2009). The role of internal auditing in enterprise- wide risk management, The Institute of Internal Auditors Altamonte Springs, FL. 17. Inyang, B. (2018). "Militancy and youth restiveness in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria." African Research Review 12 (4): 65-76. 18. Jeong, K., et al. (2012). "A consistent nonparametric test for causality in quantile." Econometric Theory 28 (4): 861-887. 19. Julio, B. and Y. Yook (2012). "Political uncertainty and corporate investment cycles." The Journal of Finance 67 (1): 45-83. 20. Kim, H. and H. Kung (2016). "The asset redeploy ability channel: How uncertainty affects corporate investment." The Review of Financial Studies 30 (1): 245-280. 21. Kjellén, R. (1911). Stormakterna: konturer kring samtidens storpolitik, H. Geber. 22. Knox, P. L. and S. A. Marston (2001). Places and regions in global context: human geography, Prentice Hall. 23. List, J. A. and M. S. Haigh (2010). "Investment under uncertainty: Testing the options model with professional traders." The Review of Economics and Statistics 92 (4): 974-984. 24. Malmgren, P. (2015). "Geopolitics for Investors." CFA Institute Research Foundation M2015-1. 25. Millichamp, A. H. (2002). Auditing, Cengage Learning EMEA. 26. Moeller, R. R. (2007). COSO enterprise risk management: understanding the new integrated ERM framework, John Wiley & Sons. Geopolitical Risks (GPRs) and Foreign Direct Investments: A Business Risk Approach © 20 20 Global Journals 6 Global Journal of Management and Business Research Volume XX Issue I Version I Year 2020 ( ) B 8. Carney, M. (2016). "Uncertainty, the economy and policy. [pdf] London: Bank of England." Available at:[Accessed 24 February 2018]. Specification in time series regression." Journal of Econometrics 165 (1): 112-127. 27. Nishiyama, Y., et al. (2011). "A consistent nonparametric test for nonlinear causality—