Global Journal of Management and Business Research, B: Economics and Commerce, Volume 21 Issue 5

dispatched 58000 labor personnel (including seafarers), among which 22000 were dispatched under foreign contracted projects, accounting for 37.4% of China’s total, and 36000 under labor cooperation, accounting for 62.6%. The main markets of the province are Japan, Singapore, South Korea, Indonesia, Hong Kong, Panama, Algeria, Israel, Saudi Arabia and Kuwait. Among them, more than 60% of the total number of overseas students to Japan and South Korea have been sent from Shandong Province, which maintains Shandong Province the position of the largest overseas labor market in China. According to statistics, every 1% increase in the turnover (COR) of labor service cooperation in Shandong Province will increase the GDP of Shandong Province by 0.6765%. This is the situation that provides the rationale and relevance of this study. The findings of this study can be used as reference for the rural labor force who want to work abroad in Shandong Province and overseas employment service. The findings may also be used by the companies engaged in the practice of providing labor for overseas employment. They can use the findings as inputs in making policy decisions. b) Statement of the Problem The primary aim of this study was to describe the situation of the Shandong rural labor force groups working abroad. Specifically, it aimed to answer the following questions: 1. What are the individual characteristics of Shandong transnational rural labor force? 2. What is the situation of Shandong transnational rural labor force along a) Length of time of going abroad b) Country of employment c) Place of work d) Type of work e) Income f) Willingness to return to China 3. What is the relationship between individual characteristics and the situation of Shandong transnational rural labor force? 4. What factors influence the Shandong rural labor's income? II. L iterature R eview The academic circles have also carried on the thorough discussion to the labor force to work abroad and so on, its research content mainly concentrated in four aspects. The first is about the causes of the formation of migrant workers; the second is about the influencing factors; the third is about the significance and problems of migrant workers; the fourth is about the facts relating to choice of countries. At present, the academic research on the influencing factors of cross-border labor mobility mainly discusses from the following aspects: first, personal characteristics; second, trade capital; third, management system; fourth, access restrictions. a) Personal Characteristics In terms of personal characteristics: the education level, marriage, age, intergenerational relationship, family structure, income status, household registration system, welfare risk, emotional relationship, etc. All of these have a significant impact on their decision to work abroad (David McKenzie and Hille Rapoport, 2007; Yang Xue and Ma Xiaoman, 2015; Zhao Feng et al., 2015; Wu Yanhua and Wang Yijie, 2017). Among them, in order to obtain higher labor remuneration, more promotion opportunities, more jobs and so on, become the main microeconomic reasons of labor force transnational flow (Tseng and yen Fen, 2011). In addition, labor price will also significantly affect the cross-border flow of labor (Zhang Zhixin et al., 2019). The low quality of migrant workers, conservative ideas and fierce market competition have become the main obstacles to China's labor export (Wang Weinan, 2014). AnJingjing (2018) found that the quality of migrant workers is low when studying the labor export of Henan Province, which makes Henan Province have no competitive advantage in labor export in the international market. Therefore, in terms of labor export, actively exploring emerging markets, avoiding homogeneous competition with other population exporting countries, and building labor service brand of migrant workers will become new growth points of labor export in China (Li Zhuowei and Zhang Ying, 2018). b) Trade Capital In terms of trade capital, export trade will significantly affect the cross-border flow of labor. There is a long-term and stable synergistic relationship between export trade and labor export (Zhan Yong and Li Li). The increase of China's export trade will lead to an increase in the number of migrant workers (Li, 2004). In addition, foreign capital agglomeration is also one of the main forces of regional labor mobility in China, and foreign capital agglomeration has a significant impact on China's labor mobility (ZangXin and Zhao Jiong, 2016). c) Management System At present, China's labor management system has to be improved. XiongZhanlin (2014) took the migrant workers in Heilongjiang Province as the research focus, analyzed the current situation of migrant workers in Russia, and found that the lack of safety guarantee and the irregular employment channels are the main obstacles to labor cooperation between China and Russia. China and Russia should give full play to the complementary advantages of labor resources of the two countries, increase China's labor output to Russia, and establish a sound employment mechanism, 2 Global Journal of Management and Business Research Volume XXI Issue V Version I Year 2021 ( ) B © 2021 Global Journals Transnational Rural Labor Force from Shandong Province Working in Japan and Korea