Global Journal of Management and Business Research, B: Economics and Commerce, Volume 21 Issue 5

Long-term orientation The degree to which society relays to the future to solve the problems. Hofstede Indulgence The degree to which society reacts to basic human needs and what social norms are followed. Hofstede Control variables Account ownership Have an account at a financial institution=1; Don't have an account at a financial institution=0 FINDEX GDP percapita Gross domestic production divided by population World bank b) Data limitations Cultural dimensions of Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan are missing on Hofstede’s site and according to the Digital 2021 Global Overview Report consumers of these three countries are comparatively not active in online purchases: total amount of users who made an online purchase and/or paid bills online in Kyrgyzstan is 0.16 million, Tajikistan is 0.43 million and Uzbekistan is 1.3 million, which is relatively low compared to other five SCO countries. Moreover, there is a certain gap of researches on cultural dimensions of these three countries and relying on studies by Seyil, Dadabaev and Kapcova (Seyil N, 2013; Dadabaev T, 2004; Kapcova A, 2018) we assume that Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan are collectivist countries with different cultural dimensions. For instance, study by Seyil (Seyil N, 2013) stated that Kyrgyzstan is masculine country with low PDI and medium-term orientation. Dadabaev and Kapcova (Dadabaev T, 2004; Kapcova A, 2018) analyzed Uzbekistan and Tajikistan’s cultural dimensions and stated that they both have high PDI. Moreover, researchers found that Uzbekistan is masculine long-term oriented country with high uncertainty avoidance index, whereas Tajikistan is short- term oriented feminine country with high indulgence index. As Hofstede study did not cover these three countries data and researches are not up to date, we will focus on five SCO member states, namely, China, India, Pakistan, Kazakhstan and Russia and analyze demographic and cultural dimensions data of these five countries. c) Descriptive analysis In this study we have conducted three descriptive analyses: two correlation analyses on GDP and demographic factors and one on cultural dimensions of SCO member states. In order to test control variables, we conducted the analysis on GDP per capita with internet penetration rate, global cyber security index and total population of SCO member states. The economic classification of five member states is derived from FINDEX; the global cyber security index is from International Telecommunication Union; GDP per capita and total population data are from World Bank; and internet penetration rate from Digital 2021 Global Overview Report. The detailed data is included below: Table 4: Correlation analysis of GDP and internet factors SCO member states Economic classification (income) GDP percapita (USD mln) Internet penetration rate (%) Global cyber security index (outof100) Total population (million) China upper-middle 10500 65.2 92.53 1402 India lower-middle 1900 45 97.5 1380 Kazakhstan upper-middle 9055 81.9 93.15 18.75 Pakistan lower-middle 1193 27.5 64.88 221 Russia upper-middle 10126 85 98.06 144.1 GDP percapita (USDmln) 1 Internet penetration (%) .903* 1 Global cyber security index .574 .730 1 Total population (million) -.118 -.285 .312 1 *.Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). Five member states of SCO are countries with upper and lower-middle income, whereas the average GDP is USD 6555 million, internet penetration rate is 61%, and global cyber security index is 90. Based to correlation analysis results, stated on Table 5, we can see that our control variable, the GDP per capita, is positively correlated with an internet penetration rate at 0.90 and global cyber security index at 0.57. This proves our assumption that GDP has an impact on internet penetration and online purchase. Demographic and Cultural Factors Influencing the Adoption of B2C E-Commerce in SCO Region © 2021 Global Journals 33 Global Journal of Management and Business Research Volume XXI Issue V Version I Year 2021 ( ) B