Global Journal of Management and Business Research, B: Economics and Commerce, Volume 22 Issue 4

Organization (UNESCO) General Conference at its 36th session in November 2011. Initially developed by UNESCO in the 1970s, and initially revised in 1997, the ISCED classification serves as an instrument to compile and present education statistics both nationally and internationally. To better capture new developments in education systems worldwide, the framework is occasionally updated. In ISCED, An education program is defined as a coherent set or sequence of educational or communication activities that are designed and organized to achieve predetermined learning goals or to perform a specific set of educational tasks over a long period of time. Within any personal, civic, social and/or employment-related context, objectives include improving knowledge, skills and competencies. Typically, learning goals are related to the purpose of preparing for more advanced studies and/or for an occupation, trade, or class of occupations or professions, but may be related to personal development or leisure. A common feature of an education programme is that successful completion is certified upon fulfillment of learning goals or educational tasks. The ISCED adopts nine (8) levels of education ISCED Level 1 Primary Education: Are typically designed to provide students with fundamental skills in reading, writing and mathematics (i.e. literacy and numeracy) and establish a solid foundation for learning and understanding core areas of knowledge, personal and social development, in preparation for lower secondary education. ISCED Level 2 Lower Secondary Education: Are typically designed to build on the learning outcomes from ISCED level 1. Usually, the aim is to lay the foundation for lifelong learning and human development upon which education systems may then expand further educational opportunities. Some education systems may already offer vocational education programmes at ISCED level 2 to provide individuals with skills relevant to employment. ISCED Level 3 Upper Secondary Education: Are typically designed to complete secondary education in preparation for tertiary education or provide skills relevant to employment, or both. ISCED Level 4 Post-Secondary Non-Tertiary Education: Provides learning experiences building on secondary education, preparing for labour market entry as well as tertiary education. It aims at the individual acquisition of knowledge, skills and competencies lower than the level of complexity characteristic of tertiary education. ISCED Level 5 Short-Cycle Tertiary Education: Are often designed to provide participants with professional knowledge, skills and competencies. Typically, they are practically based, occupationally-specific and prepare students to enter the labour market. However, these programmes may also provide a pathway to other tertiary education programmes. Academic tertiary education programmes below the level of a Bachelor’s programme or equivalent are also classified as ISCED level 5. ISCED Level 6 Bachelor’s or Equivalent Level: Are often designed to provide participants with intermediate academic and/or professional knowledge, skills and competencies, leading to a first degree or equivalent qualification. Programmes at this level are typically theoretically-based but may include practical components and are informed by state-of-the-art research and/or best professional practice. They are traditionally offered by universities and equivalent tertiary educational institutions. ISCED Level 7 Master’s or Equivalent Level: Are often designed to provide participants with advanced academic and/or professional knowledge, skills and competencies, leading to a second degree or equivalent qualification. Programmes at this level may have a substantial research component but do not yet lead to the award of a doctoral qualification. Typically, programmes at this level are theoretically-based but may include practical components and are informed by state-of-the-art research and/or best professional practice. They are traditionally offered by universities and other tertiary educational institutions. ISCED Level 8 Doctoral or Equivalent Level: Are designed primarily to lead to an advanced research qualification. Programmes at this ISCED level are devoted to advanced study and original research and are typically offered only by research-oriented tertiary educational institutions such as universities. Doctoral programmes exist in both academic and professional fields. d) Educational System in Nigeria and it’s Stages of Education The Educational system in Nigeria is supervised by the Federal Ministry of Education. The It is the responsibility of the Ministry to harmonize the educational policies and procedures of all the states of the federation. The education system is divided into Kindergarten, Primary education, Secondary education and Tertiary education. The national goals and objectives for all levels of education, as reported by the International Bureau of Education (IBE) and UNESCO in 2010, are: (a) the inculcation of national consciousness and national unity; (b) the inculcation of correct types of values and attitudes for the survival of individuals and Nigerian society; (c) training to understand the world around them. The educational structure of Nigeria is divided into three (4) major levels as recognized by the National Policy on Education. They are: • Pre-school education This is also known as the pre-primary education (early childhood care development and education- The Effects of Students' Housing on Academic Performance at the University of Ibadan in Nigeria 57 Global Journal of Management and Business Research Volume XXII Issue IV Version I Year 2022 ( ) B © 2022 Global Journals