Global Journal of Management and Business Research, B: Economics and Commerce, Volume 22 Issue 4

relationship between variables and make conclusions based on the findings. d) Empirical Review This section analyses previous studies on the association, especially the results and findings, between students housing and their academic performance. The following studies ranges along various scopes and most times it was found that there is a positive relationship between both variables. However, there were exceptions in few cases. A comparison between students living in dormitories and those living in private homes was made by Ludeman (1940). Average honor points, a measure for college scholarship, was computed for the two groups with the conclusion that dormitory students rated higher, with 1. 652 honor points, as compared with students in private homes, with an average of 1. 485 honor points per hour. Ludeman suggested two reasons may account for the differences: 1) more interplay of ideas among several students taking the same subjects; 2) competition between students for high grades was keener in the dormitories. Thompson, Samiratedu, & Rafter, (1993) examined the effects of on-campus residence on first- time college students and found that freshman students who lived on campus had higher retention, a greater degree of academic progress, and higher academic performance. They claimed that progress and retention were higher among students who lived on-campus, regardless of race, gender, or condition of admittance. Students engaged in remedial work were shown to have performed better than their off-campus counterparts. Delucchi, (1993) examined a ‘college town’ where most students who lived off-campus and were in close walking distance of their lecture hall and university resources and found no statistically significant difference in academic achievement between students that live on campus and off-campus. Bowman and Partin (1993) conducted a study to be determine if there is a significant difference between the academic achievement of students that lived on-campus and their off- campus counterparts, as measured by grade point average (GPA). Bowman and Partin stated no statistically significant differences in grade point averages of students regardless of residence. Ware and Miller cited (1995) reviewed research trends in student life, and found that even though there were some differences in the how the studies were conducted; student housing play an important role in the success of university students. Student housing plays an important role in the enrolment of students and the adequacy of facilities can add to the desire them to remain on campus. Agron, (1997) reported that studies in North America indicate that students in hall of residence have higher Grade Point Averages, higher retention of their grades, are able to take on more credit hours and had the ability to form connections with the faculty members on campus. They also had a higher propensity to be more involved in students’ leadership and politics on campus. A study by Kaya and Erkip (2001) observes that students who live in campus housing confidently persist in their studies and graduation than students who have not had this on-campus experience. Furthermore, students living in on campus residence have a higher level of self- esteem over time. On-campus accommodation provides convenience issues such as real preparation and access to study groups (Kaya & Erkip, 2001). This supports the fact that the cost of living on-campus seems to be better financially. Living on- campus impacts on students’ academics in such a way that they are within easy reach of campus facilities which are accessible to lecture halls and other learning activities within campus. The study found that on campus students have higher retention rates and attain higher grades than those residing off-campus. This tends to give students opportunity to have sense of community with the institution. In campuses, there are many other co-curricular activities and resources. The interaction of students with these facilities enhances the university experience. Students living on-campus are involved widely on organizations and activities. These enhance better understanding of oneself with their collegiate experiences, changes in values, self- esteem and individual satisfaction. Rinn & Plucker (2004), suggests that students are more independent, and have the highest level of supportive achievement and interaction orientation. The majority of college students today commute to campus. The perception is that off-campus students are less committed because they live away from college compared to those who live on campus. This seems challenging on students because what they gain from their college experience depends on how much time and effort students put into their studies and other educationally purposeful activities. The learning in campus indicates that level of academics, college time on tasks and participating on other educational purposeful activities directly influence the magnitude of students living and their overall educational experiences (Rinn & Plucker 2004). Sirgy, Grzeskowiak and Rahtz (2005) study on the quality of college life of students in three universities in the USA found that quality of college life may be influenced by satisfaction with college facilities. Of importance to the students is the quality of housing, maintenance, security, location and dorm activities. Most residential halls are much closer to campus than private housing such as apartment buildings. This convenience is a major factor in the choice of where to The Effects of Students' Housing on Academic Performance at the University of Ibadan in Nigeria 64 Global Journal of Management and Business Research Volume XXII Issue IV Version I Year 2022 ( ) B © 2022 Global Journals