Global Journal of Management and Business Research, B: Economics and Commerce, Volume 22 Issue 4

IV. R esearch M ethodology a) Introduction This chapter presents the methodology applied in this study. It describes design of the study, target population and area of the study, target population, sample and sampling technique, research instruments and methods of data collection, data analysis. b) Design of the Study The study adopts a Descriptive survey design to examine the variables without influencing any of them since they have already been manifested in the respondent. Descriptive research helps to obtain data about the current status of the phenomena and to describe what exists with regards to the variables of the subject matter. The descriptive survey allows collection of huge extents of data from the target population. c) Area of the Study The study will be carried out in University of Ibadan located in the Southwest region of Nigeria. These was chosen in order to cover a wide range of socioeconomic backgrounds. d) Target Population The target population refers to the total number of respondents to the questionnaire used for the collection of the data. Students are those involved in the study because they are the ones directly by their housing status and it is their educational performance that is being focused on, therefore they are vital informants. The target population is the students of University of Ibadan which is a mixture of students residing in the school’s hall of residences, near campus and those living in farther places away from the university environment. Students of 200 level,300 level and 400 level took part in the study. Students in 100 level were exempted from the study because they are made to stay in the hostels provided by the institution and most likely do not have a choice as regards their place of residence. Moreover, these set of students are new and most likely do not know their CGPA which is needed in assessing the relationship between students’ residence and their academic performance. Also, the postgraduates were not targeted for this study since most of them are independent students. e) Sample and Sampling Technique A sample refers to a fraction of a study population used to make conclusions about the population. The target population was stratified based on type of accommodation. This implied that the students were stratified as those who were on-campus and those who were off-campus accommodation. Stratification was used to increase precision and presentation (Kothari,2009). Stratified sampling was utilized since it would aid the researcher to ensure that certain subclasses in the population were represented in the sample. The sample for the study is taken from 11,617. An ideal sample is that which is large enough to serve as an adequate representation of population on which the researcher wants to make conclusions about and small enough to be selected economically mainly in terms of money and time. The sample size of 200 students have been selected for this study from all the institutions. The study adopted a simple random sampling technique in identifying the students to participate in the study. This enabled member of the population to have an equal chance of being selected without bias. f) Instruments and method of data collection This study used questionnaires to collect data. Questionnaire is a set of questions organized in order to assemble responses from respondents relating to the research topic. The instruments were suitable for this study since the population targeted was diverse in social and economic classes. The questionnaires were used for sensitive topics and questions which users could find it inconvenient to divulge through other means. A questionnaire is ideal for survey study. Questionnaires have been widely used in education to obtain information about current situations. It is therefore effective in terms of time and its anonymous nature allows respondents to give information easily. The questions were in printed form and were to be answered by the respondents (students). The procedure for data collection gores thus: Permission was requested from the respective educational institutions showing that the study is for academic purposes. The typed questionnaires were hand delivered to the respondents. The respondents were instructed not to divulge their identity and were assured that the information given was purely for research purpose and would not affect them individually. Section ‘A’ of the questionnaire sought after students’ demographic information such as: age, gender, marital status while section ‘B’ sought after information on the students’ academic performance, Then Sections ‘C’, focused on the housing condition and satisfaction measures of the students. g) Method of Data Analysis The data collected using the primary investigation was compiled, sorted, and coded. The data from questionnaires was analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Scientists) package in line with the research questions. Simple frequency distribution and percentages will be employed for the analysis. Graphs and charts will be used to depict some categorical variables. Pearson’s correlation was used to establish the relationship between accessibility, security, privacy, speed, fees and charges and usefulness level. The reason for choosing Pearson’s correlation is that it is the most common measure of correlation which The Effects of Students' Housing on Academic Performance at the University of Ibadan in Nigeria 67 Global Journal of Management and Business Research Volume XXII Issue IV Version I Year 2022 ( ) B © 2022 Global Journals