Global Journal of Management and Business Research, B: Economics and Commerce, Volume 23 Issue 1

companies to form more integrated groups, new localized and innovative production sites and the integration of local communities are at the heart of this transformation of GVCs. In conclusion, about sustainability, the concept of GVC becomes even more useful, as it involves internal and external stakeholders in the process of creating added value and transforming current business models towards sustainable and inclusive models. Figure 1: Emergence and Evolution of GVCs Source: Amachraa & Quelin, Avril 2022. Commodify chains (CCs) 1970s 1990s 2000s 2000s 2010s Global commodity chains (GCCs) Global value chains (GVCs) Global production networks (GPN) Social & Green turn Hopkins &Wallerstein, 1977 Global Gereffi& Korzeniewich, 1994 Local Upgrade Gereffi, Sturgeon, & Humphrey, 2005 Private Levy, 2008; Coe, Dicken, & Hess, 2008 Porter, Bair & Werner, Barrientos, & Rossi, 2011 Value sharing Social and political 2020s Ecosystems Platforms, &ESG ESG Kano, 2022; Gereffi, Pananond, & Pedersen, 2022 Building Sustainable and Stable Global Value Chains: Case Study of Morocco 3 Global Journal of Management and Business Research Volume XXIII Issue I Version I Year 2023 ( ) B © 2023 Global Journals