Global Journal of Management and Business Research, D: Accounting and Auditing, Volume 22 Issue 2

incomplete operations operating cash flows, by removing the impact of these operations from operational cash flows. Any cash received is the result of the preliminary processes or the development of their disposal; Considered as a result of investment activities, including during the calculation of operating cash flows, Gains or losses in preliminary operating operations are removed or eliminated from net income (2002, Comisky & Mulford);. e) Creative Accounting Methods Creative accounting is also shown to have several definitions, including "methods or means used to convert financial data numbers from what they are to the desires of the author by exploiting or neglecting some or all of the existing rules of international accounting standards." Amat and Blake, 2013: 1. The accounting rules allow the company to choose between several different accounting methods: in several countries, the company is allowed to choose between the policy of deleting the development alimony as it occurs and consuming it at the expense of the life of the project. Therefore, the company can choose the accounting policy that gives the preferred picture of it. 2. Use of specific inputs in calculations associated with valuation or prediction: In some cases, when assessing an asset's life to calculate depreciation, these assessments are usually done in-house. The innovative accountant has the opportunity to err in caution or optimism in this valuation, and in some other cases an outside expert can usually be employed to make evaluations. 3. Artificial arrangements can be entered either to manipulate budget amounts or to move profits between accounting periods: this is achieved by entering into two or more deals connected with a third-party tendency to help. 4. Manipulation of the timing of transactions: to determine a given year to charge profits or losses for any objective of the accountant, especially in the event of apparent differences between the book value and the market value or actual value f) Creative Accounting Form The forms of creative accounting are varied by multiple methods of manipulating accounts (Hassan, Al- Hili, 2018): 1. Utility accounting: Insist on choosing and applying specific accounting methods to achieve high-profit targets, whether or not accounting practices are based on accepted accounting principles. 2. Income mitigation: A form of income manipulation that involves the transfer of income between periods of varying levels by reducing income in years with good payments and transferring it to years with poor payments, it is a form of manipulation that depends on the reduction and retention of increased income profits in the form of allocations for periods with inadequate payments. 3. Internal management: Income manipulation with the aim of to reach a predetermined goal by the Department, or predicted by a financial analyst, or to be compatible with specific courses of action. 4. Fraudulent financial reports: the report on the financial position of the enterprise under incorrect financial statements through deletion and non- disclosure of values to mislead users of the financial information, which can be described as fraudulent financial reports, including misstatement of amounts or disclosures in the financial statements to deceive users of the financial statements. 5. Practice creative accounting methods: Methods practices differ from natural accounting methods to obtain unreal profits through innovative and modern techniques that may be complex in values for expenses and revenues. g) What are corporate risks Financial risks arise from economic activities. Financial troubles have continued to increase with the diversity of economic activities. They have even become inherent in contemporary economies, making it impossible to dispose of them once and for all, but this does not necessarily mean that they cannot be dealt with according to a set of policies and strategies whose effects and results are primarily controlled. h) Concept of corporate risk Financial risk (Borg, 2018); is the risk of accepting the risk of a future economic loss of an asset, and the risk lies for an investor by risking exposing shares and bonds in which they invest in exchange price fluctuations, which threatens the likelihood that their future value will fall below their current value. Financial risks (Abdul Kader, 2019); are defined as the instability of the financial system, which may be due to the worsening of special events or circumstances, and also indicates the risks posed by interdependence and interdependence between the financial market. Financial risks (Kunduz, 2018); can also be defined as the possibility of a future deviation so that the desired outputs differ from what is expected, or the uncertainty of financial future production output is the decision of the current economic individual based on the results of the study of the behavior of the natural phenomenon in the past. The financial risk (Tamimi, 2010); was defined as foreseeable direct damage to activity associated with an economic unit, Due to the occurrence of economic events of a human political nature, and in the event of their occurrence resulting in impactful losses which may result in the lack of continuity of economic unity in the 85 Global Journal of Management and Business Research Volume XXII Issue II Version I Year 2022 ( )D © 2022 Global Journals Research in Role of Creative Accounting Practices to Reduce Financial Risks in Jordanian Commercial Companies