Global Journal of Management and Business Research, F: Real Estate, Event and Tourism Management, Volume 22 Issue 3

new world agenda. However, the most notable difference between MDGs and SDGs is that with the SDGs, the UN requires even the private sector to support the agenda of 2030 through their marketing strategies (Pizzi et al.,2020). Sustainability as a subject and as a tool for measuring success was then widely adopted across society. For example, while making a bibliometric analysis (Pizzi et al.,2021) revealed around 5,000 authors and five (5) journals related to sustainable tourism and its management, which emerged between 2015 -2021. The authors claim that sustainability has direct impact to natural systems and general livelihood. According to Goldsmith and Allen (1972) ssustainability also, has its roots in forests. Their publication “Blueprint for Survival” raised a lot of attention in the context of man’s future and his relation to growth, resource use, and pressure on the environment and for the first time, it was used by the United Nations (UN) in 1978. Broadly speaking therefore, sustainability is about ensuring everlasting and probably unmeasured prosperity due to human development. It remains an ambiguous and unclear term. Nevertheless, (Klarin, 2018) questions the achievement of sustainability because the three dimensions of social, economic and environment compete each other. b) The Inclusive Economic Growth The term inclusive cannot be perceived as generic as it may be thought. According to Heng (2019), the Global Sustainable Tourism Council (GSTC) views inclusive as making tourism accessible for travelers with impairment and inaccessibility. Also, the term means making tourism gains more fairly distributed across societies while creating opportunities for all. On one the hand, making tourism accessible for all is backed by the rapidly aging population and around 15 percent (one billion people) of the world population living with disabilities (Ivers, 2022). To serve them well emphasis is placed on designing and implementing solutions that considers access needs, especially for the sites and facilities that are not accessible to all. Impaired traveler explains Heng (2019) have spending power with higher multiplier effect since they are likely to travel with other people (they influence purchases for different people of their party). The market segment makes USD 70 billion market in the US and Europe. 15% of the world’s population living with some form of disability include visual impairment, hearing loss, intellectual disability, and those who need a wheel-chair. The latter (fair distribution of tourism gains) received much attention in most developing countries where little knowledge of the earlier exists. Ardika (2019) contends that equitable distribution of the benefits of resource cannot be achieved if the communities are not empowered enough. The author describes community empowerment in terms of having their needs taken care of by different institutions or tourism organizations as well as having full right to approve or disapprove policy issues. In the end, for a tourism business to remain competitive, Heng (2019) suggests the application of the Universal Design for tourism products development and management. By definition, the universal design “ is the design and composition of an environment so that it can be accessed, understood and used to the greatest extent possible by all people regardless of their age, size, ability or disability. An environment (or any building, product, or service in that environment) should be designed to meet the needs of all people who wish to use it. Such a requirement is not special only for the benefit of minority of the population. It is a fundamental condition of good design. If an environment is accessible, usable, convenient, and a pleasure to use, everyone benefits” (Heng, 2019). Despite that fact, one of the significant barriers that hinder many businesses from being inclusive is the lack of sufficient understanding of the diverse needs of the customers. Customers are different; thus, companies have to get prepared to offer diversified products. Inclusive sustainable development has been emphasized in the Local Agenda 21 which emphasizes economic development as a tool for poverty alleviation (United Nations, 1992). c) The Resource-Based Approach Against Market- Based Approach Tourism development in Tanzania can be traced back to colonial times although, much emphasis is seen from the early 1990s. The benefits of environmental conservation were received through ecotourism principles although the multipliers of tourism were not very well distributed (Kessy, 2018). Despite the focus on nature-based kind of tourism development, responsible travel to the natural areas improved the quality of life. Nevertheless, Tanzania has been acknowledged to have very diverse tourism resources although a synergy is lacking in in its development. The resource-based approach proposes that above average returns for any firm are primarily determined by the characteristics inside that firm. That strategic approach works very well with natural resources base and dynamic capabilities theories which result in the principles of valuable, rare, inimitable and non-substitutable (VRIN) (Barney, 1991), which Tanzania uses as its approaches for tourism promotion and marketing. It is argued that such a method may, in the long run, not enable the country to continue to receive what is thought as the “high benefits of tourism” as it is today, because nature is limited and non-renewable (Ardika, 2019). Also, there are a number of new destinations which have been discovered, and many other destinations have already copycatted what was term as VRIN regardless of naturality. As a result, while considering the limited quantity of natural resources Ardika, (2019) advocates for rational resource A Market based Approach of Sustainable and Inclusive Growth of Tourism: A Case Study of Mwanza Tanzania © 2022 Global Journals 45 Global Journal of Management and Business Research Volume XXII Issue III Version I Year 2022 ( ) F