Global Journal of Management and Business Research, G: Interdisciplinary, Volume 23 Issue 1

their ignorance of the law and their naivety of their young age. The consequences include falling prey to pedophile networks, drug abuse, and human trafficking. Migrant children live in a permanent state of sadness, which can turn into irritability or rebelliousness. Schools are currently facing the challenge of establishing spaces for C & A migrant students that meet their requirements in terms of research and knowledge, as well as the dissemination of the results of research related to professional attention to socioemotional integration. Verduzco (2012: 41-44) delves even more deeply into the humanistic approach of Critical Geopolitics to emphasize the importance of interaction among individual contexts for the benefit and welfare of society, through proper organization by the authorities, or groups of political power in the three orders of government and the citizenry. He goes on to explain that human groups build settlements when the process of social interaction runs smoothly and peacefully. However, it may be that these settlements are dangerous, unsafe grounds. Thus, welfare and security go hand in hand with city and regional planning, thus allowing individuals to participate in influencing their environment through social relations and rational behaviors, as well as by holding public, private, and individual entities accountable for the welfare or insecurity of all geographical, human settlements. However, he points out that violence and insecurity, especially in Mexico, have been a challenge for many years. Let us not forget that these two issues and their harmful consequences occur in "abandoned" areas that have been unattended by the urban and regional planning entities. Edgardo Buscaglia, an expert in this topic that is also mentioned in Verduzco’s study, calls them these "pockets of a failed State or ungovernability". Verduzco goes on to explain that this unfair separation of families by the State with the subsequent disregard of vast areas of the national territory leads to violence and insecurity, which in turn, tend to reproduce themselves exponentially and are difficult to control both in the short and the long term. Therefore, he underlines the importance of ensuring the organizational capacity of government officials, as well as the establishment of a new governance technique. He goes on to present four geopolitical models to ensure citizen welfare, at the center of which are attention and supervision, as well as the provisions of order and welfare that every city or suburban development projects to ensure the safety and sustainability of all areas. a) El Salvador, a Country of Migrants and the Mara Salvatruchas This theory by Verduzco (2012: 41-44) is similar to Azar’s theory of protracted social conflict (1990), which was mentioned by Celis (2015: 212-224), describing forgotten and underdeveloped areas as a breeding ground for social conflict, promoted to a large extent by the lack of social, political and legal certainty. However, he mentioned international linkages as some of the determining variables of these impetuous contexts of protracted social conflicts. He believed there are two main factors for this situation. The first is a colonial legacy that Dussel (2020: 23-49) called Eurocentrism, 2 Celis (2015: 216) discussed the civil war of El Salvador, waged during the 1980s, and presented its three characteristics based on the principle of “dividing to rule”, which led to the birth of the second historical factor, rivalry, and competition among societies that result in a separation between society and State. The State also encouraged conflict because it usually adhered to the standards of a single dominant group that functioned as a monopoly managed by individual actors, just during colonial times. The most basic needs, such as the welfare, of most civilians, were not satisfied, which in turn gave rise to a permanent cycle of insecurity and other difficulties arising among the people who fall prey to the patronage of other countries. Poverty, inequality and violations of human rights, and interference by the government and other countries have led to a state of permanent uncertainty among citizens in Latin American countries. 3 We can see that, for many years the threat of having to deal with any or all these angles would fill the citizens of El Salvador with uncertainty, no matter their socioeconomic and cultural level. We can guess that families were not entirely convinced of sending their children to fight a fratricidal war, by choice or by force, especially when the purpose of such conflict was , tempered with Eurocentrism, as well as reflecting on the participants in social conflict. Said participants moved around the entire country and the Salvadoran government, with its Death Squadron (Army), applied repressive and coercive measures, as well as stipulating the compulsory participation of twelve-year-old children in the armed conflict. A second angle involved the financial support of the United States to the authoritarian government of El Salvador. A third angle has to do with peace mediation by the United Nations Organization and the countries of Latin America, even though such efforts were only part of a bureaucratic endeavor that is still ongoing. The fourth angle concerns the Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front in rural areas, which would also recruit children, with the consent of their families. 2 Europe distorted history to establish that the domination of inferior or barbaric cultures is emancipation for the good of the uncivilized that requires modernization, no matter the chaos involved. 3 1/Excluding government, 2/participating countries that support government exclusion, 3/ both lead to fear and uncertainty among the population and as a consequence, difficulties for interaction among all communities, thereby leading inhabitants to fall into dependence and the patronage of other countries. 11 Global Journal of Management and Business Research Volume XXIII Issue I Version I Year 2023 ( )G © 2023 Global Journals Mass Migration of Students: Analysis of the Geopolitical and Social Contexts of Origins