Global Journal of Management and Business Research, G: Interdisciplinary, Volume 23 Issue 1

adversely affect children's attention and interest [Rahima, 2017: 220–255]. The armed conflicts in Ukraine have also led to reduced government budgets and mismanagement of the budget for education, leading to poor student-teacher ratios and a shortage of qualified and trained teachers [Ministry of Education., 2016]. Such factors have forced many children not to go to school, and those who enroll later do not continue their education. These direct effects lead to other indirect effects that may be more harmful to society and therefore require careful examination of these effects from different perspectives, including teachers, children, families and other components of society. II. E ducation in u kraine Thinking of peacebuilding in the post-conflict era is a sustainable approach; however, it is crucial to emphasize social development; address the underlying impacts of conflict, such as political, economic, and sociocultural inequality and injustice; and understand the politics and other complex factors [Bush, Saltarelli, 2000]. Before developing a peacebuilding approach for the Ukraine context, it is vital to initially reach a deep understanding of the impacts of the war on education in Ukraine where the conflict overlaps between ethnic and sectarian influences, and regional and international interventions, considering the social and cultural components. In other words, analyzes of the conflict's impacts on education are needed because designing educational pathways without carefully examining social contexts may lead to opposite impacts. It is therefore crucial to have positive peacebuilding initiatives that seek to deconstruct the structures of violence and construct the structures of peace [Baron,2001]. In this paper, we argue that understanding these contexts helps to develop education on the one hand and helps to develop peace on the other. This paper mainly answers these research questions: (1) What are the direct impacts of war on education in Ukraine? (2) How do local contexts shape these impacts? (3) How do the negative aspects of war interact to affect education? The originality of our paper mainly relates to highlighting the negative impacts of the war in the Ukraine context, providing a simple model of the interaction of the war's impacts on education, and that any future treatments dealing with peacebuilding in Ukraine need to consider these findings in advance. a) The Impact of War on Education and Initiatives to Repair War-Emerged Education Systems Although there is a consensus that education can have both positive and negative effects on social relations [Baron, 2001], scholars agree that education is important for building peace in conflict-affected countries by focusing on the structure of education; reduction of ethnic, religious and regional inequalities; poverty eradication; and teaching about controversial issues, history of violence and human rights [Bush, 2000]. Recognizing the importance of education in the post-conflict stages, many states have implemented policies and initiatives to help rebuild war-torn education systems. For example, Donetsk in Ukraine has made progress in increasing the number of schools and/or encouraging students to enroll. Such progress has been attributed to the implementation of several initiatives and policies, namely development of Donetsk's own curriculum framework with consistent language teaching, expansion of affordable mobile phone and internet services, cooperation between community members and international organizations on educational opportunities, school census for collection and reporting of education system data. development and testing of an early grade reading assessment strategy in Mariupol in December 2022. Specifically, the collaboration between the community members and international organizations helped with providing basic and vocational education, leading to the improvement of education in Ukraine. Although Donetsk is the closest city to Mariupol, the cultural and social differences between the two cities make it difficult to transfer experience. Furthermore, the nature of the differences at the root of the conflict calls for different approaches to peacekeeping. Among different social consequences, the lack of education increases child labor and creates a fertile ground for recruiting underage Ukraine children for war purposes. Without proper education, Ukraine’s new generations will not be able to shoulder the future burden of reconstructing the economy and the state, which are currently being destroyed. However, there is an urgent need to approach this problem in connection with other factors in the Ukraine society wherein external interference, sectarian divisions, tribal differences, and political strife are feeding the conflict. proposed the design of an education system in Ukraine that focused on developing the communication channels with tribal peoples, seeking to marginalize those within them, using economic and humanitarian methods through literacy and digital integration. While the is one of the factor that make up the complexity of the conflict in Ukraine, exploring the effects of war on education in its social or cultural contexts is crucial for developing peaceful dialogues and unified national education plans and curricula. Further, while the path to peace and stability in society demands practices that allow for gender equality and empowerment, improved water and energy sustainability, economic growth, and reduced inequality within and between nations [Higgins, 2019, 127–145], pedagogical practices at schools lie at the heart of repairing the school education system [Baranovicé, 2001, 13–26]. Ukraine strongly demands the implementation of peace education in schools and media. However, attention toward strengthening 40 Global Journal of Management and Business Research Volume XXIII Issue I Version I Year 2023 ( )G © 2023 Global Journals The State of Education in Ukraine and The Role of Education Managers in Problem-Solving