Global Journal of Management and Business Research, G: Interdisciplinary, Volume 23 Issue 1

historical identities should be approached and conducted with much care, since history education may act as a weapon of war. As contexts differ, the impacts of the war also vary. While our findings support previous studies, they also contextualize the impacts of the war on education in Ukraine, which is an essential and initial step for developing peace-building strategies that are suitable for the country. Following is a discussion of the study design. The beginning of the school year during the war was a great test for Ukraine. According to the Ministry of Education of the country, every seventh Ukrainian pupil or student is in the countries of the European Union, which is approximately 640 thousand children. In early August, the European Commissioner for Internal Affairs, Ylva Johansson, said in an interview with the newspaper "Ukrainian Pravda" that about 4 million Ukrainian citizens, mostly women and children, were granted temporary residence permits in the EU (about 6.5 million people left the country during the first phase of the war). According to Johansson, all school-age children currently in the EU must study at the place of registration, but if possible, they can also study remotely at a Ukrainian school. In Ukraine, according to official information, more than 2,000 schools were damaged because of Russian army fire. About 300 buildings were completely destroyed. An estimated 38 schools were destroyed in occupied Mariupol, which was practically wiped out by the Russian army. Ukrainian authorities allowed face-to-face classes only if there was a bomb shelter in or near the school itself - so about 40 percent of all schools in the country were able to open the doors to students in the classroom, while the rest organized online learning. During full-time education, the child should wear a special bracelet on his arm, where not only his name and surname, but also blood type, address, and information about his parents should be recorded. The reason for this was that the Russian army fired rockets at both hospitals and educational institutions during school holidays in the summer. This does not guarantee that Ukrainian schools will not be destroyed by the Russian army after the start of education. Air raid sirens sound almost every day in many Ukrainian cities. For many Ukrainians - not only schoolchildren, but also those returning to their workplaces during the war - the daily reality is the need to go down to a bomb shelter or at least a basement after the sound of a siren. The Ukrainian authorities understand that not all parents will agree to send their child to school for full- time classes, even if there is a bomb shelter, so at the beginning of the school year it was necessary to choose one of several options for education: face-to-face, distance, at home, external education. Individual and family forms of education are also implemented for children in the occupied territories of Ukraine. The Ministry of Education has developed a special online program for them. Children evacuated from the war zone, as well as those living under occupation, can start education throughout the academic year, not necessarily from September 1. Some parents have chosen distance education in five Ukrainian regions partially controlled by Russia: Donetsk, Zaporozhye, Luhansk, Kharkiv and Kherson. According to the officials of education departments in Kherson region, 91 schools have started functioning with the participation of teachers and school principals appointed there by Moscow. However, according to the register of educational subjects, there were 457 secondary schools in Ukraine before the war, of which only 65 were located in Kherson. Many Ukrainian teachers who left their homes with their children after the outbreak of aggression were deployed in the EU countries. About 11 thousand teachers remained in the occupied territories, about 24 thousand went abroad, some found work in the EU in their specialty. In the countries that receive the largest number of refugees not only in terms of numbers, but also per capita - Germany, Poland and the Czech Republic, classes have appeared in which training is conducted with the participation of Ukrainian specialists. The Czech authorities assumed that 130,000 refugee children would stay in the country to study. However, in the end, according to the minister of Education Vladimir Balash, 57-60 thousand students from Ukraine, who should receive primary school education, began to study. The minister said that the figures are still being clarified, and this is only a quarter of the children who fell into the Czech Republic after the start of the war. According to the Ministry of education of the Czech Republic, 5,000 Ukrainian high school students were supposed to enter secondary schools, but education in the Czech Republic from the age of 16 is not mandatory, so these students were paid less attention, and not all of them received education. In order to study, they need to learn the basics of the Czech language. Adaptation courses worked all summer long, and some children, without knowing the language, began to study in Czech schools in the spring. But despite this, there were few Ukrainian children in secondary schools. The Czech authorities believe that older children continue to study online in Ukrainian schools, although they still live outside their home country. Primary classes of individual Ukrainian schools were organized, for example, in the city of Kolin near Prague. Here the Ukrainians were given a promise in one of the schools – training is carried out in Ukrainian and Czech in parallel at the initial stage. In Prague, refugee children are assigned to classes whose language of instruction is Czech, but on weekends children go to schools where teaching is conducted in their native language. 41 Global Journal of Management and Business Research Volume XXIII Issue I Version I Year 2023 ( )G © 2023 Global Journals The State of Education in Ukraine and The Role of Education Managers in Problem-Solving