Global Journal of Medical Research, E: Gynecology and Obstetrics, Volume 21 Issue 3

incidence of macrosomic newborns (over 4 kg) is of paramount importance. For the good of their babies, it is quite sure that, this time, obese women would be compliant to new behaviours (and perhaps follow them later on after delivery). No conflict of interest No fundings R eferences R éférences R eferencias 1. NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC). Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies in 128·9 million children, adolescents, and adults. Lancet. 2017; 390(10113): 2627-2642. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32129-3. 2. Dai H, Alsalhe TA, Chalghaf N, Riccò M, Bragazzi NL, Wu J. The global burden of disease attributable to high body mass index in 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: An analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study. PLoS Med. 2020 Jul 28; 17(7): e1003198. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed. 1003198. PMID: 32722671; PMCID: PMC7386577. 3. 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Obesity: Preventing and Managing the Global Epidemic Report of a WHO Consultation; 2000. 0512-3054 (Print) 0512-3054 (Linking). 8. Comstock SS. Time to change weight gain recommendations for pregnant women with obesity. J Clin Invest. 2019. pii: 131932. doi: 10.1172/JCI131932. 9. Kapadia MZ, Park CK, Beyene J, Giglia L, Maxwell C, McDonald SD. Can we safely recommend gestational weight gain below the 2009 guidelines in obese women? A systematic review and meta- analysis. Obes Rev. 2015;16(3):189-206. 10. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. ACOG Committee opinion no. 548: weight gain during pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 2013; 121:210-212. 11. Margerison Zilko CE, Rehkopf D, Abrams B. Association of maternal gestational weight gain with short- and long-term maternal and child health outcomes. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2010; 202(6): 574.e1-8. 12. Kiel DW, Dodson EA, Artal R, Boehmer TK, Leet TL. Gestational weight gain and pregnancy outcomes in obese women: how much is enough? Obstet Gynecol. 2007; 110(4):752-8. 13. Oken E, Kleinman KP, Belfort MB, Hammitt JK, Gillman MW. Associations of gestational weight gain with short- and longer-term maternal and child health outcomes. Am J Epidemiol. 2009; 170(2): 173-80. 14. Kapadia MZ, Park CK, Beyene J, Giglia L, Maxwell C, McDonald SD. Weight Loss Instead of Weight Gain within the Guidelines in Obese Women during Pregnancy: A Systematic Review and Meta- Analyses of Maternal and Infant Outcomes. PLoS One. 2015; 10(7):e0132650. doi: 10.1371/ 15. Robillard PY, Dekker G, Boukerrou M, Boumahni B, Hulsey T, Scioscia M. Gestational weight gain and rate of late-onset preeclampsia: a retrospective analysis on 57 000 singleton pregnancies in Reunion Island. BMJ Open. 2020 Jul 28; 10(7): e036549. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-036549. 16. Robillard PY, Dekker GA, Boukerrou M, Boumahni B, Hulsey TC, Scioscia M. The urgent need to optimize gestational weight gain in overweight/obese women to lower maternal-fetal moribidities: a retrospective analysis on 59,000 singleton term pregnancies. Archives Women Health Care . 2020; 3(3):1-9. 17. Robillard PY, Dekker G, Scioscia M, et al. Increased BMI has a linear association with late-onset preeclampsia: A population-based study. PLoS One . 2019; 14(10):e0223888. 2019. doi:10.1371/ journal.pone.0223888 18. Casu L, Gillespie S, Nisbett N. Integrating nutrition and physical activity promotion: A scoping review. PLoS One. 2020 Jun 5; 15(6): e0233908. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233908. PMID: 32502158; PMCID: PMC7274388. 19. Astbury NM, Albury C, Nourse R, Jebb SA. Participant experiences of a low-energy total diet replacement programme: A descriptive qualitative study. PLoS One. 2020 Sep 8; 15(9):e0238645. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238645. PMID: 32898176; PMCID: PMC7478843. 20. Papastefanou I, Nowacka U, Syngelaki A, Dragoi V, Karamanis G, Wright D, Nicolaides KH. Competing- risks model for prediction of small-for-gestational- age neonates from estimated fetal weight at 19- 33 Year 2021 Global Journal of Medical Research Volume XXI Issue III Version I ( DD ) E © 2021 Global Journals Women and Pregnancies as an Immediate Target against the Obesity Epidemic