Global Journal of Medical Research, F: Diseases, Volume 23 Issue 2

Figure 3: A coin of Magas of Cyrene c. 300–282/75 BC. Reverse: silphium and small crab symbols. 11 Year 2023 Global Journal of Medical Research Volume XXIII Issue II Version I ( D ) F © 2023 Global Journals A Cancer Prevention and Treatment Opportunity Was silphium used not only for pregnancy prevention but for cancer treatment too? There is no silphium in Nature anymore to check the hypothesis. Still, Artemisia absinthium , also used in Roman times for birth control, contains artemisinin that prevents early embryo implantation in animal models. Supposedly, AFP shuttles silphium ingredients or artemisinin to MDSCs, decreases their immunosuppressive activities, and leads to pregnancy or cancer prevention. AFP wins the competition with excess albumin for binding embryo toxins such as diethylstilbestrol, dioxin, warfarin, etc., and can lead to pregnancy prevention or loss [18]. It can also be true for orally administrated thalidomide, miltefosine, etc. Toxins directly affect embryo cells, and AFP with toxins activate the mother’s immune system like paclitaxel. Porcine AFP and betulinic acid (1:2) gavage inhibited mouse tumor growth. Tumor inhibition was potentiated by the excess of betulinic acid [70]. The beneficial effect of an extra amount of agent for tumor growth inhibition was supported by the experiment with the porcine AFP-ajoene (1:2) complex and ajoene in excess [18]. In suboptimal doses, the oral porcine AFP- atractyloside (1:2) complex has shown a response in six of twelve metastatic colorectal cancer patients [71]. Additional spices, herbs, or supplements having anti- cancer properties could potentiate the treatment. In another trial, a woman with stage IV ovarian cancer took elevated doses of the porcine AFP-atractyloside complex and survived over ten years [18]. AFP-toxin complex absorption from the gastrointestinal tract into the lymph nodes needs research. It can be like IgG-antigen complex absorption through the FcRn of the gut enterocytes [18]. AFP with AFP-binding toxins promises helpful in disease prevention, as they require low concentrations of AFP and toxins, like pregnancy prevention. Injectable recombinant AFP is safe in doses higher than in pregnant mothers’ blood (0.3 – 0.5 µg/mL) [72]. Porcine AFP can be taken orally in high doses safely. IV. C onclusion AFP-toxin conjugates or AFP with AFP-binding toxins injections deplete MDSCs, reboot the immune system, and can prevent or treat cancer and metastases. As a shuttle delivery vehicle, AFP can potentiate the anti-cancer activity of the AFP-binding toxins or drugs. Oral administration of AFP with herbs or supplements with anti-cancer properties is possible. Like embryo toxins do not hurt the mother but prevent pregnancy, the simultaneous presence of AFP and AFP- binding toxins in the bloodstream can safely prevent early-stage cancers or metastases. Oral preparations do not need high AFP purity, and porcine AFP can be used instead of human protein. Taken once or twice a year course, AFP with AFP-binding toxins can reboot the immune system and prevent cancer and metastasis. No conflict of interests R eferences R éférences R eferencias 1. Siegel RL, Miller KD, Wagle NS, and Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2023. CA Cancer J Clin . 2023; 73(1): 17-48. doi: 10.3322/caac.21763 2. Tomasetti C, Vogelstein B. Variation in Cancer Risk among Tissues Can Be Explained by the Number of St em Cell Divisions. Science . 2015; 347 (6217): 78– 81. doi.org/10.1126/science.1260825.31 3. Chhabra SN, Booth BW. Asymmetric cell division of mammary stem cells. Cell Div . 2021; 16, 5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13008-021-00073-w Traditional medicines and spices often contain anti-cancer agents, such as withaferin A, ajoene, acetoxychavicol, capsaicin, curcumin, quercetin, all- trans retinoic acid, sinigrin, artemisinin, astaxanthin, scutebarbatine A, etc. Small amounts of AFP naturally existing in the body potentiate their anti-cancer activity by the mechanism discussed earlier. To activate the immune system significantly, AFP-binding anti-cancer agents should be used together with exogenous AFP [68, 69].