Global Journal of Medical Research, F: Diseases, Volume 23 Issue 2

anti-angiogenic (VEGF) therapy may be achieved in combination with inhibitors of tumor hypoxic adaptation [54]. XII. C onclusion In summary, stemness in tumor cells is an indicator of therapeutic resistance and prognosis. Refinement of the markers of stemness used to identify these cells and their phenotypes in cancers is leading to the ability to predict treatment responses and develop new approaches to the effective elimination of resistant tumor cell populations. Better understanding of the nature of cancer stem cells heightens our awareness of the appropriate application of emergent therapy modalities, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, tumor vaccines, and hypoxia-targeted drugs. Improved understanding of tumor biology is not possible without the intimate understanding of the role of the cancer stem cell as a critical player in the initiation, maintenance, and progression of cancer. R eferences R éférences R eferencias 1. A. K. Yadav and N. S. 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