Global Journal of Medical Research, F: Diseases, Volume 23 Issue 2

Inflammatory Markers and Risk Factors in Hypertensive Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study Summary- Objective: To observe risk factors that hypertensive patients present in the outpatient segment from the nursing perspective care. Method: Cross-sectional study where essential hypertensives of legal age belonging to the hypertension program of a municipality in Bahia were included. Those with cancer, hepatitis, HIV, lupus, arthritis, pregnant women, and chronic corticosteroid users were excluded. Collected patient demographic information and cardiovascular risk factors. Conclusion: Although arterial hypertension has a multifactorial etiology, obesity, smoking, and blood glucose were the risk factors that correlated positively, associated with the studied markers. Keywords: cardiovascular risk; risk factors; arterial hypertension. I. I ntroduction ypertension (AH) is directly related to the development of cardiovascular diseases, accounting for 40% of deaths from stroke, 25% of deaths from coronary artery disease, and, in combination with diabetes mellitus (DM), 50% of cases of end-stage chronic kidney disease (1) . It is a chronic non-transmissible condition characterized by persistent elevation of blood pressure (BP) (2) . In Brazil, it is estimated that 35% of the adult population is hypertensive, according to data from the Ministry of Health (MS). Around 50% of the remaining persons do not know they have the disease. Considering only those over 60, this percentage is around 65% of the hypertensive people in the country. In most cases is asymptomatic, implying the difficulty of early diagnosis and without adherence to the treatment recommended, whether pharmacological or not. For this reason, AH control is still so low, making it a challenge for health services. Associated with the main risk factors such as age, gender and ethnicity, obesity and dyslipidemia, sedentary lifestyle, salt and alcohol intake, and socioeconomic and genetic factors, AH contributes to the worsening of the patient's cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Since 2005, ischemic heart disease and cardiovascular disease have been Brazil’s leading causes of death. Up to 2015, there was an increase of 18.8% in deaths by the first cause and 13.3% from the second cause. During this period, ischemic heart disease moved from the second to the first cause of premature deaths (below 60 years), with an increase of 8.5% (3) . Among these risk factors related to hypertension, some can still promote inflammation, such as dyslipidemia and obesity. The fat tissue is a dynamic organ, the leading storage for primary, excess energy, has an endocrine function, and synthesizes a series of biologically active compounds that regulate metabolic homeostasis (4) . The inflammatory profile in obese individuals is called metabolic or meta-inflammation (5) . This whole process alters the adipose tissue’s functioning, thus characterizing a dysfunctional tissue. Among the characteristics of this dysfunction, the fat mass will present changes in its cellular composition, such as, for example, an increase in the number of inflammatory cells (4) . It produces a series of substances, such as macrophages, which, in turn, infiltrate the adipose tissue during the advanced stages of obesity and participate in the inflammatory event by producing more cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) (6, 7) . Therefore, hypertension, known as a non- communicable disease, imposes the need for the individual to adopt changes in their lifestyle, primarily related to those caused by restrictions resulting from the disease, therapeutic conditions, and clinical controls, as well as the possibility of recurrent hospitalizations (8) . Considering that hypertension is a severe public health problem, the importance of this study for health surveillance is highlighted to understand how it can alter the population's quality of life and morbidity and mortality profile. The objective of this study is to observe the risk factors that a hypertensive population presents in the outpatient segment from the nurse’s perspective of care. H 29 Year 2023 Global Journal of Medical Research Volume XXIII Issue II Version I ( D ) F © 2023 Global Journals Bettanin, Francelise Susan Mihara α , Bacci, Marcelo Rodrigues σ & Fonseca, Fernando Luiz Affonso ρ Author α : e-mail: francelisebettanin@hotmail.com Results: Included 61 patients with a mean age of 58±11, 56% women. A relationship was established between age/glucose; IL6/LDL; vitamin D/ferritin; waist circumference/BMI; BMI/CRP; smoking, age, blood pressure, LDL, and neutrophil/ lymphocyte ratio. The statistical analysis evaluated predictive variables for developing hypertension and high cardiovascular risk. In the cardiovascular risk stratification, 09 patients had low chance; one was intermediate, 37 high risk, and 02 very high risk.