Global Journal of Medical Research, F: Diseases, Volume 23 Issue 2

Beliefs and Attitudes in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. A Systematic Review Juan Carlos Marín-Escobar α , Sara Concepción Maury-Mena σ , Antolín Maury ρ , Andrea Carolina Marín-Benítez Ѡ , María Molina-Arteta ¥ & Emily Dayana Acuña-Polo § Abstract- Introduction: The purpose of this research is to review systematic review of the most significant studies on the belief system and attitudes of pregnant women diagnosed with Diabetes Mellitus Gestational (GDM) within the framework of the psychosocial dimensions of this condition. Materials and methods: A systematic review based on the PRISMA methodology in PubMed/Medline, Scielo, Hindawi, Springer Link and BMC Medicine and inclusion and exclusion criteria were defined. Results: 207 papers were found to whom the abstract was reviewed after duplicates were discarded, leaving 180 articles, to which the inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, and 28 articles were selected at the end that provided relevant information for the objectives of the study. study. Results found allow us to infer the presence of a belief system around the consequences of gestational diabetes for pregnant women and their babies. In addition, there is a recurring thought that gestational diabetes is not temporary, but rather that it becomes a chronic pathology. Despite this, these women are accompanied by a positive attitude about what can be done to overcome their clinical symptoms by dieting, having a good diet, exercising, and attending medical check-ups. Conclusions: Psychosocial variables such as attitudes, beliefs, motivation, among others, exert an influence in relation to the appearance and management of gestational diabetes and should be considered in the formulation of interventions and prevention programs for this condition. Keywords: beliefs, attitudes, gestational diabetes mellitus, systematic review. Author α : Psychologist, MSc in Social Projects, PhD in Educational Sciences. teacher and researcher of the Psychology Program, Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, Simon Bolivar University of Barranquilla, Colombia. e-mail: jcmarin@unisimonbolivar.edu.co Corresponding Author σ : Psychologist, Specialist in Organizational Communication, MSc in Methods of Research in Education from the University of La Rioja in Spain, PhD in Science of Education. Research professor at the American University Institution, Barranquilla, Colombia. e-mail: saramaury66@yahoo.com Author ρ : Médico, DNP, APRN, GNP-C, Associate Senior Faculty Benjamín León - Miami-Dade College, School of Nursing, Miami, Florida, United States. e-mail: andresesteban25@yahoo.com Author Ѡ : Environmental engineer, MSc in Watershed Management, Specialist in Pedagogy and Teaching. Teacher of the Ministry of National Education of Colombia. e-mail: andrea.marin92@gmail.com Author ¥ § : 8th grade student. Semester of Psychology of the Simon Bolívar University, Barranquilla Colombia, attached to the institutional research hotbed. I. I ntroduction mong the most common diseases that can occur gestational diabetes is found during pregnancy. Is characterized due to hyperglycemia with values that, despite being higher than normal, are lower than those established to diagnose diabetes. This type diabetes usually occurs after 20 weeks of gestation (World Health Organization, 2020; Palani et al., 2014). The definition postulated by the International Classification of Diseases in his 10 th edition categorizes this condition in the section “maternal diseases that can affect the fetus” with the code “O24 Diabetes Mellitus in pregnancy”. And it is defined as “an alteration in the metabolism of carbohydrates, which is diagnosed for the first time during the state of pregnancy. It is a condition of insulin resistance, generally presents after the fifth month of gestation” (ICD-10, 2008, p.245). It´s necessary take into account that in gestational diabetes symptoms occasionally are not evident. However, they could present some because of high blood sugar levels. These include that patients may be thirstier than usual more frequent and heavier urination or feeling very tired or fatigued (Martínez de Salinas 2017; Gracia & Olmedo, 2017). Some other effects associated with impaired glucose recorded in various investigations are: visual disturbances, excessive hunger, headache, headache, stomach aches, disorientation, difficulty concentrating and lethargy (American Diabetes Association, 2002). It’s essential that pregnant women undergo the pertinent examinations, which should be carried out around the fifth month of pregnancy a blood glucose test to identify the pathology in time (González Ruiz et al., 2014). Researchers have been able to point out a large number of complications that arise in pregnant women diagnosed with GDM such as increased risks for fetal abnormalities including macrosomia, neonatal hypoglycemia, respiratory distress syndrome, alteration in the development of the islet cells and malformations in the development (Reyes Burgos & Guillén Matos 2015; Crowther et al., 2005). Concomitant to this medical symptomatology, there are some factors that could have a psychological impact and affect the quality of life of women with gestational diabetes, which can even be more serious than the pathology itself. Some of them would be A 37 Year 2023 Global Journal of Medical Research Volume XXIII Issue II Version I ( D ) F © 2023 Global Journals