Global Journal of Medical Research, F: Diseases, Volume 23 Issue 2

42 Year 2023 Global Journal of Medical Research Volume XXIII Issue II Version I ( D ) F © 2023 Global Journals Beliefs and Attitudes in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. A Systematic Review Finally, systematic reviews were consulted, such as the one developed by Craig et al., (2020), in relation to attitudes, perceptions and experiences of the women with GDM. These authors in a rigorous search and after ruling out several studies, they identified some 840 articles dealing with the theme in question. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, they reviewed full text 88 documents. Carrying out a systematization of these articles, 8 key themes of the experiences and subjectivities of women with GDM were identified: initial psychosocial impact, communication of the diagnosis, perception of irrigation, management before the DMG, load of the diagnosis of GDM, social support and gaining control. IV. D iscussion The aim of this review was to conduct a systematic review around cognitions and beliefs present in women with GDM to improve knowledge of the pathology and adherence to treatment, generate models psychoeducational and involve the family group and the couple in the management only of the pathology, but throughout the pregnancy process. In this research it was possible to establish that the beliefs and cognitions of women with this condition are located in two great edges. One of them called living experiences that bring happiness and the second experiencing experiences that cause suffering (Araujo et al., 2013). Accordingly, it can be inferred that pregnant mothers with GDM, alternately run between these two polarities. surely there is some patients in whom one experience prevails more than the other. The most recurrent cognitions related to happiness are related to with ideas like “I am going to be a mother; I am with other women in the same conditions as mine and we will have a treatment that will help us overcome the pathology". While the negative thoughts are located in the fact of moving away from home and in the pathology itself and its consequences, leading them to generate fear of their own death or that of their babies. Some recalled deaths of family members and acquaintances from illnesses associated with diabetes. Going a little deeper into this negative set of cognitions and thoughts related to the diagnosis of GDM, it is necessary to mention the appearance of feelings of sadness, unfailingly articulated with human cognition system. If the diagnosis is received untimely, as usually happens, recurrent thoughts full of concern associated with a number of events such as abrupt removal from home, hospitalization, loss of the continuity of daily life and the abrupt rupture of relationships relatives. Other studies report the existence of beliefs around three themes fundamental: illness, health and self-care, which are formed as expected, due to the effects of socialization, education and previous experiences. Furthermore, the evidence shows that this system of beliefs remains stable over time (Hjelm et al., 2018). However, a situation that worries women recurrently is the real possibility of having to make changes in their lifestyles, especially everything on topics such as diet or exercise. They are also concerned about the possibility having to take insulin. In the field of health and disease, beliefs report a central element, both in health promotion and prevention of the disease, fundamental axes that cannot be left aside. In fact, care programs must be nourished by dimensions derived from culture, from the characteristics of groups, from the idiosyncrasies of peoples, from values, attitudes and beliefs and from other number of psychosocial variables. These elements are taken up by authors to adapt models around social education in health, called Health Belief Models (Rosenstock et al., 1988). Accordingly, the beliefs and in general the cognitive system of the women with GDM depend largely on cultural dimensions and on the way in which societies construct their social representation of disease in general and particular pathologies. The study of cognitions in people with GDM is important not only because such aspects are necessary in program design aimed at improving adherence to treatment and reducing food harmful for this type of patients. There is something even more complex, and it is the fact that, although research is still incipient, this type of psychosocial variables (conditions cognitive difficulties, behavioral coping and the use of social support) presented in a negative way, can lead to stress and the appearance of various pathologies (Chida & Hamer 2008; Luceño Moreno et al., 2004; Vieco Gómez & Abello Llanos, 2014; Fernandez-Prada et al., 2017). Ideas and cognitions that women with GDM have related to that this type of pathology can lead to a chronic disease such as type I or II diabetes, which some may think is irrational, Tellería (2014) highlights it as a belief that would act as a protective factor for initiate self-care behaviors in relation to eating and physical activity. This same author emphasizes that invariably the Women with this diagnosis tend to develop depression, anxiety, changes in their thoughts and attitudes about their lifestyles. The Anxiety is often related to future health. Under this consideration, it is very important then, that the system of beliefs of these people allows the existence of favorable attitudes towards breastfeeding and also towards activities that promote health, to have higher levels of self-efficacy, greater perceived benefit, and less alcohol consumption.