Global Journal of Medical Research, F: Diseases, Volume 23 Issue 2

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Remission in Patients with Ideal BMI in Rivers State, Nigeria Sokiprim Akoko α , Iyeopu M. Siminialayi σ & Sunday Chineye ρ Abstract- Background: When Type 2 Diabetes patients are in resource-restrained environments with little access to sustainable care, weight increase is linked to poor glycemic control from insulin resistance. Safer, locally accessible, and scientifically supported methods of managing their health become a priority when they lack effective access to medical treatment and medicines as a result of poverty. Targeted lifestyle therapies have been shown to be clinically beneficial and reasonably priced for the prevention and management of diabetes today. This research seeks to assess the effectiveness of a purely Nigerian diet in helping people with type 2 diabetes mellitus lose weight and maintain excellent glycaemic control. Method: Randomization was used to divide the sixty research participants into treatment (dietary caloric restriction intervention) and control (standard of care) groups that were matched. Samples were gathered for analysis at baseline, midline, and at the conclusion of the trial throughout the participants' 24-week follow-up period. Result: In contrast to the outcome from the intervention group, which showed a considerable weight reduction after six months, the BMI in the standard of care group experienced a gradual decline in mean values (from 26.06 to 25.0), which was not statistically significant. Mean waist size reduced from 88.82 cm to 80.0 cm (p=0.001), and BMI dropped from 26.76 kg/m2 to 22.77 kg/m (p=0.001). After six months, the patients' HbA1c decreased from the initial visit, where the mean was 7.617, to mean =6.017. Within the intervention group, the mean fasting blood sugar decreased from a group mean of 7.97 on the initial visit to a mean of 5.35 after six months. Furthermore, this study demonstrated that just three of the 17 patients with perfect BMI in the standard of care group had a decrease in HbA1c of 6.5 or less, but in the intervention group, 61% of patients with ideal BMI had HbA1c of 6.5%. The difference that was noticed was statistically significant (p=0.025), nevertheless. Thus, following 6 months of management without the use of oral hypoglycemic medications, there is a strong correlation between a decrease in BMI and a decrease in HbA1c to a normal level in individuals with T2DM. Conclusion: In keeping with the definition of remission, fourteen of the 23 participant who has normal BMI maintained normal HBA1c for 6 months. Normalizing BMI with caloric restriction is an effective means of controlling blood glucose and type 2 diabetes mellitus . Author α σ : Department of Pharmacology University of Port Harcourt, Choba. e-mail: Sokiprim.akoko@uniport.edu.ng Author ρ : Department of Internal Medicine, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Choba. I. I ntroduction to modify them for usage locally. In order to design a 47 Year 2023 Global Journal of Medical Research Volume XXIII Issue II Version I ( D ) F © 2023 Global Journals Keywords: type 2 diabetes, diet, intervention, hba1c, glycaemic control, remission, waist circumference and BMI. hen Type 2 Diabetes patients are in resource- restrained environments with little access to sustainable care, weight increase is linked to poor glycemic control from insulin resistance. Safer, locally accessible, and scientifically supported methods of managing their health become a priority when they lack effective access to medical treatment and medicines as a result of poverty and non-medication adherence. (Sokiprim et al, 2022). Targeted lifestyle therapies have been shown to be clinically beneficial and reasonably priced for the prevention and management of diabetes today. The rise in T2DM over the past 50 years is strongly tied to lifestyle modifications. The number of those with T2DM has risen as our lives have changed to incorporate more processed meals and less physical activity (John et al., 2018). Non-communicable illnesses are becoming a worldwide scourge, affecting both those in and above poverty. Since Nigeria has the greatest prevalence and burden of diabetes in Sub-Saharan Africa, everyone in Nigeria must prioritize getting treatment (Chinenye et al., 2014). It is impossible to overstate the importance of natural antioxidants and nutrients in avoiding illness. Diabetes caused just under 2 million deaths yearly, ranking as the sixth most common cause of death in the world in 2016. Africa will have a 109% increase in T2DM from 2013 to 2025, closely followed by the Middle East and North Africa with 96%. The estimated worldwide rise is 55%. (John et al., 2018). 33% of male children and 39% of female children born after 2000 will acquire T2DM. (2014) Wilmot and Idris Additionally, having T2DM makes you more likely to get Alzheimer's as you age. (Barbaallo and Dominguez, 2014). Although diet and exercise are the first steps to successfully avoid and even manage diabetes without the use of medications, the main objective of dietary usage in treating T2DM is to lower risk factors and avert complications brought on by the condition. The idea that dietary and lifestyle choices might considerably help drive type 2 diabetes into remission is currently receiving mainstream support (John, 2018). Since the majority of the proposed dietary therapies for T2DM are Western in origin and difficult for the average Nigerian to get or observe, it may be difficult W