Global Journal of Medical Research, G: Veterinary Science and Veterinary Medicine, Volume 21 Issue 2

2. Apalkova I. 2013. Prevalence and diagnosis of liver diseases in small animal university hospital 2007- 2010: a Retrospective Study. / Dissertations and theses / Master's Theses / Faculty of Veterinary Medicine / View Item. 3. Bagherwal RK, Kumbhkar Y, Mehta HK, Badsar P. A preliminary study on prevalence of hepatic disorders in dogs in Indore District (MP). The Indian Journal of Veterinary Sciences and Biotechnology 2018 Jan 9; 13(03): 87-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.21887/ijvsbt.v13i3.10617. 4. Callahan Clark JE, Haddad JL, Brown DC, et al. Feline cholangitis: a necropsy study of 44 cats (1986-2008). J Feline Med Surg 2011; 13: 570–6. doi: 10.1016/j.jfms.2011.05.002. 5. Center SA, Slater MR, Manwarren T, Prymak K. Diagnostic efficacy of serum alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyltransferase in dogs with histologically confirmed hepatobiliary disease: 270 Cases (1980-1990). J Am Vet Med Assoc 1992; 201:1258-1264. PMID: 1358870 6. Center SA. Interpretation of liver enzymes. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2007; 37:297-333, vii. doi: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2006.11.009 7. d'Anjou MA, Penninck D, Cornejo L, Pibarot P. Ultrasonographic diagnosis of portosystemic shunting in dogs and cats. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2004; 45: 424-437. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740- 8261.2009.01572.x 8. Feeney DA, Anderson KL, Ziegler LE, et al. Statistical relevance of ultrasonographic criteria in the assessment of diffuse liver disease in dogs and cats. Am J Vet Res 2008; 69:212-221. doi: 10.2460/ajvr.2005.66.113. 9. Fluen T, Hardcastle M, Smith HL, Gear RN. Retrospective study of the relative frequency of feline hepatobiliary disease in New Zealand based on 10 years of hepatic biopsy samples. Vet Rec Open 2019 Jan; 6(1): e000367. doi: 10.1136/ vetreco-2019-000367. 10. Guillot M, Danjou MA, Alexander K, et al. Can sonographic findings predict the results of liver aspirates in dogs with suspected liver disease?. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2009; 50: 513-518. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8261.2009.01572.x 11. Herzog H. The Impact of pets on human health and psychological well-being: Fact, Fiction, or Hypothesis?, Curr Dir Psychol Sci 2011; 20(4): 236– 239. doi: 10.1177/0963721411415220. 12. Islam A, Towell T. Cat and dog companionship and well-being: A systematic review. Int J Appl Psychol 2013; 3(6):149-55. doi: 10.5923/j.ijap.20130306.01. 13. Kumar V, Kumar A, Varshney AC, Tyagi SP, Kanwar MS, Sharma SK. Diagnostic imaging of canine hepatobiliary affections: A review. Vet Med Int 2012 Jan 1; 2012. doi: org/10.1155/2021/5542372. 14. Lakshmi K, Padmaja K, Nagaraj P, Reddy AG, Prakash MG. Incidence of hepatobiliary disorders in dogs. J Pharm Innov 2017 May 1; 6(5, Part B):70. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.22271/tpi. 15. Mandigers PJJ, Van den Ingh TS, Spee B, Penning LC, Bode P, Rothuizen, J. Chronic hepatitis in Doberman Pinschers: A review. Vet Q 2004; 26: 98- 106. doi: 10.1080/01652176.1979.9693713. 16. Watson PJ, Bunch SE. Hepatobiliary and exocrine pancreatic disorders. In: Nelson RW, Couto CG, eds. Small animal internal medicine. 4th ed. ed. St. Louis, Mo: Mosby/Elsevier; cop. 2009; 485-578. 17. Willard, MD, et al., Small animal clinical diagnosis by laboratory methods 2012; 208-209. 18. Yeager AE, Mohammed H. Accuracy of ultrasonography in the detection of severe hepatic lipidosis in cats. Am J Vet Res 1992; 53:597-599. doi: 10.2460/ajvr.2005.66.113. Figure 1: Hepatomegaly and borders are not sharpen (A); Fluid filled abdomen due to hepatic problem (B) A B Year 2021 Global Journal of Medical Research Volume XXI Issue II Version I ( D ) G © 2021 Global Journals 27 Detection of Hepatic Problem in Dogs and Cats by Biochemical Assay and Imaging Technique (X-Ray and Ultrasonography)