Global Journal of Medical Research, I: Surgeries and Cardiovascular System, Volume 22 Issue 2

Determinant Factors and Possible Causes Associated with the Success or Failure of Loss of Excess Weight (%Pep) in Patients Submitted to Bariatric Surgery Mônica Fernandez α , Elias Jirjoss Ilias σ , Wilson Rodrigues de Freitas Junior ρ , Mônica de Aguiar Medeiros Ѡ , Ana Carolina Marchiori Souza ¥ , Nickolas Nogueira Nunes § , Norma Oliveira da Silva χ & Patrícia Colombo-Souza ν Abstract- Objective: To know the reasons for the success or failure of excess weight loss in patients undergoing bariatric surgery, and its association with surgical time, quality of food consumption and physical activity. Method: Female patients were evaluated, with surgicaltime of 2 -7 years, older than 18 years, without comorbidities seen at a Public Hospital in São Paulo. As a success criterion for surgery, the value of the percentage of excess weight loss (% PEP) greater than or equal to 50. For possible causes of failure, an analysis of the frequency of qualitative consumption of food groups was carried out according to the Fishertest. and for the analysis of the practice of physical activity, the Chi- square test was used. Result: 45 patients were divided into two groups (G1> PEP n.31) and (G2 <PEP n.14). There was no statistical difference regarding age and surgical time. As for the surgical timeand PEP> 50 aged 2 -3 years (66%), 4 years (81%) and 5 - 6 years (50%). In the food groups, G2 was found to be significant in the butter, white bread, soft drink and coffee with sugar. There was no difference in activity, however, in G1 who did not practice activity, 46%had 4 years of surgery and in G2 who practiced activity, 37.5% were 5 years old, which represents a relationship between surgical time and quality in the practice of the activity. Conclusion: In order to guarantee long-term postoperative success, the monitoring of amultidisciplinary team is essential. Keywords: bariatric surgery, weight loss, morbid obesity, physical activity. I. I ntroduction he World Health Organization (WHO) considers obesity a global epidemic conditioned by the dietary profile and the practice of physical activity 1 . The etiology of obesity is complex and multifactorial, resulting from the interaction of genes, the modern environment is a powerful stimulus for the development of obesity, lifestyles and emotionalfactors 1,2 . Risk factors for the development of obesity can be divided into non- Author α σ ρ Ѡ : Faculty of Medical Sciences da Santa Casa de São Paulo. e-mail: mf001973@gmail.com Author ¥ § χ : Graduate Student of the Postgraduate Course in Clinical Nutrition do Centro Universitário São Camilo. Author σ ν : Professor of the Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences and the Medicine Course da Universidade Santo Amaro – Unisa. modifiable and modifiable, among the latter are decreased physical activity and increased caloric intake that promote increased weight and fat concentration in the body. 2 Few clinical treatments for obesity are effective in losing and maintaining ideal weight. 2 According to studies carriedout by the Brazilian Society of Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery (SBCBM), the indication of bariatric surgery is currently growing, being considered an effective method in the treatmentof severe and its comorbidities and also in long-term weight control. In 1999, bariatric surgery was included among the procedures covered by the Unified Health System (SUS). 3 Gastric Bypass is the most practiced bariatric technique in Brazil, corresponding to 75% of surgeries performed, due to its safety and, mainly, its effectiveness. 4 The patient undergoingsurgery loses 70% to 80% of the initial excess weight. 4 In this mixed procedure, part of the stomach is stapled, which reduces the space for food, and a deviation of the initial bowel , which promotes the increase of hormones that give satiety and reduce hunger. 4 The final proposal would be that the patient develops control in food consumption in quality and quantity in the long term, but the presence of inappropriate lifestyle behaviors such as little or no practice of physical activity and inadequate eating habits can reduce the effectivenessof the surgical procedure and represent the recovery of excess weight lost. 5,6 Literature shows that 15% of patients may have regained weight, returning to the obesity range or even severe obesity between five and ten years after bariatric surgery, and in some cases, increased consumption of food and liquid calories was observed. The mechanisms possibly involved in this process need to be better analyzed. 4,7,8,9,10 The multidisciplinary follow-up is essential for the maintenance of success in bariatric surgery by monitoring the behavior of physical activity and adequate food consumption. T 29 Year 2022 Global Journal of Medical Research Volume XXII Issue II Version I ( D ) I © 2022 Global Journals