Global Journal of Medical Research, J: Dentistry and Otolaryngology, Volume 23 Issue 1

Group B: experimental group samples of teeth treated with ICON material. b) Bracket bonding In the control group, (37%) phosphoric acid etching gel (Ivoclar, Vivadent, Liechtenstein) was placed to the buccal enamel surface for 30 sec, then its washed with plenty of water for 15 sec. and dried until the etched surface looked chalky (21) .60 new Stainless-steel maxillary first premolar 0.022 slot Roth brackets (Dentarum Germany) was used. The bracket's base surface area was measured to be 9.786 mm 2(22) . Brackets were attached to the teeth by application of a thin layer of 3M adhesive (USA) applied to the buccal surface of the enamel in the middlemiddle third (21) . A weight of 200 grams was overloaded to the bracket for (23) . All unnecessary bonding excess around the bracket was cleaned by sharp probe. The adhesive was cured with a light cure unit (IOS) with a light intensity greater than 1200mW/cm 2 and a wave length600 nm (24) . The light curing device was fitted on a shaft to standardize the distance between the light device and the braces base to 2mm (25) . The whole curing time is20s,10sfor each mesial and distal sides (26) . Concerning the ICON group, ICON was smeared according to the production as the following: 1. Apply ICONEtch. Let sit for 120 sec. 2. Water rinsing for 30s, then dry in a wateroil free air. 3. ICON Dry is used. Lie on the site for 30s to conduct a visual assessment. The whitish opaque lesion discoloration must diminish significantly; otherwise repeat steps 1-3. Dry with wateroil free air. 4. Switch off the operatory light. Apply IconInfiltrate. Let it sit for at least for three minutes. Maintain the wet lesion surface with an occasional twist of the syringe. 5. Disperse with air, and floss. Lightcure for 40s. 6. Substitute applicator tip. Smear ICONInfiltrate. Let sit for one minute and eradicate excess and floss. Lightcure for 20 seconds, Polish. 3M adhesive and brackets were applied likewise to the group A. in order to prevent microleakage from the pulp chamber, tooth apices were covered with sticky wax to seal the root apices. To prevent microleakage from other places of the tooth, clear nail varnish was applied in two layers on buccal tooth surfaces, except for 1 mm around the orthodontic bracket base (16, 27) . c) Packing of groups Each group (control, experimental) was subdivided into three equal subgroups (n=10) based on storage media: Subgroup A: Distal water was used to retain tooth samples immersed . Subgroup B: Tooth samples were saturated in an energy drink for fifteen minutes three times\ day at 1 hour intervals. (28) They were previously stored in distal water . Subgroup C: Tooth samples were immersed in fresh cow milk drink for 10 minutes three times daily at 1 hour intervals. They were previously stored in distal water. The incubation phase lasted 2 weeks in entire (28) . d) Microleakage Evaluation Teeth were then submerged for 24 hours at room temperature in a 0.5% solution of basic fuchsine (0.5 gm powder dissolved in 100 ml distilled water).The samples were rinsed with running water; A nail varnish and the superficial pigment were dressed with a brush. (27) At about the center of the bracket a slow speed disk was used to part each tooth in a buccolingual direction (16) . A light microscope was used to evaluate microleakage in millimeters at enameladhesive contacts on the occlusal and gingival sides for all pieces. The same and other investigator randomly checked half of the samples for a second time to calculate the microleakage. We get no significant variations in microleakage ratings between the first and second measurments. The following principles were used to score the work: (22) : Score 0: There is no dye penetration thru the adhesive- enamel contact. Score 1: At the adhesive enamel contact, dye penetration is limited to 1 mm. Score 2: At the adhesive enamel contact, dye infiltrates into the inner half (2 mm). Score 3: At a depth of 3 mm, the dye penetrates the adhesive enamel contact. e) Statistical Analyses One-way ANOVA was used to evaluate the results, followed by Mann-Whitney U tests to compare group's means. Statistical significance was settled to be P≤ 0.05 . III. R esults A significant difference was discovered using (ANOVA) between all ICON treated teeth subgroups, although the comparisons in control subgroups (without ICON treatment), were revealed a significant difference. The Mann-Whitney U tests findings showed that the mean value differed significantly for ICON groups. The resin infiltrated group in deionized water had the lowest mean value of microleakage. There was the highest microleakage value in Coca Cola subgroup's than in control one when compared to the other subgroups, and there was a significant difference between all subgroups at P ≤ 0.05. 20 Year Global Journal of Medical Research Volume XXIII Issue I Version I ( D ) 2023 J © 2023 Global Journals Impact of ICON on the Adhesive Microleakage Underneath Orthodontic Bracket