Global Journal of Medical Research, J: Dentistry and Otolaryngology, Volume 23 Issue 1

IV. D iscussion There was a significant difference between all subgroups (distal water, cocacola drink, cow milk) in both control and experimental groups. The effect difference of the microleakage test between control and experimental groups was shown in tables (2 and 3), where showed a highly significant difference at P ≤0.05 between groups, and evaluating the microleakage test with and without using ICON, which was used as a preventative mean on the induced white spot lesions at the enamel surface (29, 30) , table (4) shows a obvious difference in microleakage between groups. As the coca cola drinks include acids, they discovered the highest microleakage value at adhesive enamel interface, which was reliable Pulgaonkar and Chitra findings of (2021) (31, 32) studying in explaining a detrimental influence on the brackets. Enamel demineralization carry about enamel erosion and adhesive material loss, as well as an increase in the microleakage after the brackets, this might also be linked to the existence of great doses of refined carbs, which encourage greater levels of acid. Also, Citric acid and citrate are adept of binding to calcium in the teeth enamel, possession the pH low for extended periods of time and promoting microleakage, as pronounce by Oncag et al . , 2005 (33) . For the all tested subgroups, gingival sides showed significantly greater microleakage than occlusal sides. This is consistent with the results of Arhun et al., 2006 (34) who related difference to relative surface curvature, which might lead to higher adhesive on the gingival side. Microleakage can occur as a result of infusion, which is produced by a difference in the thermal expansion coefficients of brackets, enamel, and adhesive. This is approximately that both Salman and Al-Ani, (2021) approve with. (35) After the control in Coca cola drink, the control in cow milk group had a significant high microleakage. As milk lipids are insoluble in water, they would assign to the surface of the bonded teeth. Fat gathering weakens the resin and increased the microleakage. This is reinforced by Anicic et al . (2020). (36) ICON's low viscosity permits it to competently penetrate the teeth enamel. Microleakage in the ICON groups (ICON, ICON in cow milk, and ICON in Cocacola drink) was lesser than in the other control subgroups, which approves with Li et al . (2021). (37) Their findings are linked to the capacity of resin infiltration to effectively seal porous structures in the enamel and improvement the ability of sound enamel surfaces to endure acid erosion and demineralization, produce it harder for external acids to admittance the holes in the enamel. As a result, resin penetration may assistance in preventing acid erosion and demineralization of dental enamel. Arnoldand Naumova (2016) (38) also established that addition resin infiltrate to enamel caries can quantity and reservation effects on the enamel. V. C onclusion Icon infiltrated surface could be used as a secondary preventative approach beside white spot lesion development in orthodontic patients by inhibiting microleakage under the brackets. Also the consumption of the acidic solution and fatty beverages increased the microleakage under the orthodontic braces. R eferences R éférences R eferencias 1. Alkis H, Turkkahraman H, Adanir N. Microleakage under orthodontic brackets bonded with different adhesive systems. Eur J Dent. 2015; 9: 117–21. 2. Alkis H, Turkkahraman H, Adanir N. Microleakage under orthodontic brackets bonded with different adhesive systems. Eur J Dent. 2015; 9: 117-21. 3. Ali A, Ismail H, Amin K. Effect of nanosilver mouthwash on prevention of white spot lesions in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment - a randomized double-blind clinical trial. Journal of Dental Sciences. 2022; 17(1) : 249-255. doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jds.2020.04.005. 4. Attar HJ, Hacham I. Chlorhexidine Effect on Color OF Treated White Spot Lesion with Remineralization Materials (Fluoride Varnish, Tooth Mouse). Journal of Oral and Dental Research. 2020; 7(1):30-36. 5. Heymann, G.C., and Grauer D. A Contemporary Review of White Spot Lesions in Orthodontics: White Spot Lesions in Orthodontics. J. Esthet. Restor. Dent. 2013; 25: 85–95 6. Lale S., Solak H., Hınçal E., and Vahdettin L. In Vitro Comparison of Fluoride, Magnesium, and Calcium Phosphate Materials on Prevention of White Spot Lesions around Orthodontic Brackets /HindawiBioMed Research International. 2020; 1989817; 11. 7. Sandra CD, Maria D, Ingrid MD, Vanessa HD, Katia VR. Preventing and arresting the appearance of white spot lesions around the bracket by applying fluoride varnish: A systematic review. Dentistry. 2018; 8: 500. 8. Baka ZM, Akin M, Ileri Z, Basciftci FA. Effects of remineralization procedures on shear bond strengths of brackets bonded to demineralized enamel surfaces with self-etch systems. Angle Orthod. 2016; 86: 661-7. 9. Neres ÉY, Moda MD, Chiba EK, Briso A, Pessan JP, Fagundes TC. Microhardness and roughness of infiltrated white spot lesions submitted to different challenges. Oper Dent. 2017; 42(4): 428–435. doi:10.2341/16-144-L 10. Senestraro SV, Crowe JJ, Wang M, et al. Minimally invasive resin infiltration of arrested white-spot lesions: a randomized clinical trial. J Am Dent 21 Year Global Journal of Medical Research Volume XXIII Issue I Version I ( D ) 2023 J © 2023 Global Journals Impact of ICON on the Adhesive Microleakage Underneath Orthodontic Bracket