Global Journal of Medical Research, K: Interdisciplinary, Volume 22 Issue 1

branches ( šu ʻ ab ša ʻ r ī ya ) at the upper parts of the gator plate (mediastinum) deviding the chest in two ( f ī a ʻā l ī al- a ġ šiya al-muna ṣṣ ifa lil- ṣ adri ), in the upper parts of the pericardium ( f ī a ʻā l ī al- ġ il ā fi ), and in the soft flesh called thymus ( ṯ aw ṯ a ) ( v. thyroidea ). 33 Then, close to the clavicle ( at-tarq ū wa ), it adds two branches diagonally in the direction of the clavicle, two sides apart ( v. brachiocephalica dextra et sinistra ). 34 Both components are divided into two units ( v. subclavia and v. jugularis interna ) . 35 One branch ( v. subclavia dextra et sinistra ) passes downward to the right and left of the sternum until it reaches the larynx ( ḥ an ǧ ara ) ( v. jugularis anterior ) 36 . Going down, it adds branches to the muscles between the ribs ( v. vertebralis ) . 37 Their openings meet the openings in the blood vessels scattered throughout the muscles . 38 A group of these leaves ( barazat minh ā ) towards the muscle outside the chest (branches of v. axillaris . 39 Once the blood vessel (a branch of the internal jugular vein) has supplied the larynx (with nutrients), a group breaks out of it towards the shoulder, forming and moving (muscle) 40 and gives branches in it ( v. thoracoacromialis ) . 41 A group travels downward under the straight abdominal muscle 42 and units into it ( v. epigastrica ). 43 The ends of the blood vessels are connected to the ascending branches of the lumbar vein ( al-war ī d al-‘a ǧ z ī ) ( v. iliaca communis ) . 44 The remaining branches of both pairs (right and left) split into five at the clavicl e 45 1. One branch continues in the chest and nourishes the first four ribs. ( v. subscapularis ) : 2. The second branch supplies the area around the two shoulders. 3. The third branch travels to and feeds the deep-lying muscle of the neck. 4. The fourth branch penetrates the cavities between the upper six vertebrae of the neck and reaches the head through them. ( v. intervertebralis ) 5. The fifth branch is the largest of all and leads to the armpit from all directions ( v. subclavia ) and then splits into four branches: 5.1 The first branches into a muscle in the sternum, one of the blood vessels needed to move the shoulder joint. 5.2 The second branch continues to branch into the soft flesh ( al-la ḥ m ar-ra ẖū ) and membranes ( a ṣ - ṣ if ā q ā t ) of the armpit. ( v. axillaris ) 5.3 The third branch ( v. thoracoepigastrica ) descends from the side of the chest to the delicate lower abdomen ( mar ā q ). 5.4 The fourth branch is the largest of the four and is divided into three branches 46 5.4.1 A branch branches off in the muscle in the concavity of the shoulder. ( v.cephalica ) : 5.4.2 The second branch travels in the large muscle at the armpit. ( v. brachialis ) 13 Year 2022 Global Journal of Medical Research Volume XXII Issue I Version I ( D ) K © 2022 Global Journals Basics of the Medieval Arabic Medicine: The Vascular Systems in the Canon of Medicine of Avicenna Incorporating a Translation of a Part of the First Book 33 The thyreoid vein ( v. thyreoida ) which collects venous blood from the thymus, branch of brachiocephalic vein. 34 One of the tribes of the superior vena cava coming from above to the right atrium is the right brachiocephalic vein, which, together with its left counter part, can take up branches mainly from the pericardium, the thymus, and from the deep of neck and from the spine ( v. vertebralis ). 35 The brachiocephalic vein collects branches from both sides. From the clavicle to the subclavian vein, from the brain to the internal jugular vein. 36 The anterior jugular vein flows into the subclavian vein. 37 The subclavian vein (vein under the clavicle) is made up of three branches: v. jugularis anterior from the inside of the neck (the area of the larynx), v. jugularis externa from the outer surface of the neck, and v. thoracoacromialis comes from the shoulder girdle. From the ribs the vertebral vein , another branch of brachiocephalic vein collects blood. 38 According to the ancient idea (Erasistratos), blood vessels are connected to each other through openings at their ends. These openings are usually closed, they only open in case of over production of fluids, inflammation, fever. This allows blood to pass from the veins to the arteries. (Brain, 1986: 125.) This may not be the case in the Arabic text, but simply describes the tangled web of thins mall blood vessels in this way. 39 The axillary vein ( v. axillaris ) flows into the vein under the clavicle ( v. subclavia ) and collects superficial veins in the chest, abdomen, and upper extremities. The axillary vein passes below the small pectoralis muscle ( m. pectoralis minor ) from the axillary trench. The axillary vein progresses at the lower edge of the major pectoralis muscles till as vv. brachiales . The ’muscle outside the chest’ is the deltoid muscle ( musculus deltoideus ), one of the muscles of the shoulder, below which the cephalic vein arrives from the forearm in the axillary vein. 40 The muscles that move the shoulder and upper limbs include the back muscles: m. pectoralis major (large pectoral muscle), m. pectoralis minor (small pectoral muscle), m. subclavius (muscle under the clavicle), m. serratus anterior (anterior saw muscle). 41 v. thoracoacromialis (chest-shoulder vein) flows into the subclavian vein. Its collection area is m. deltoideus , m. serratus anterior and the shoulder joint. 42 Of the abdominal muscles, the straight abdominal muscle ( rectus abdominis ) runs down bothsides of the midline of the abdominal wall. The muscles originate from the cartilage of the ribs 5th, 6th, 7th at the height of the sternum and adhere gradually to the pubicbone, tapering downwards from the navel. 43 Both the superficial and deepveins of the abdominal wall, the accompanying veins of the epigastric arteries ( vv. epigastricae ) are led partially upward in the axillary artery ( v. thoracoepigastrica ) and towards the subclavian vein, partly down to the femoral vein and deeper into the external iliacvein ( v. epigastrica inferior ). 44 The azygos vein take up lumbar segmental veins from the rightside of the vertebral bodies of the lumbar spine. Then continuing upwards on the rightside of the spine, the v. Azygos picks up its left pair at the height of the 7th vertebra, the v. hemiazygos , (and v. hemiazygos accessoria , also on the left) and then the superior vena cava flows into the superior and through it into the right atrium of the heart. Although the veins in the lumbar area are collected by the lower empty vein ( v. cava inferior ), certain areas are not reached by this vein, such as the lumbar areas of the posterior trunkwall, which are collected by the v. azygos system. 45 It is a branch of v. brachiocephalica dextra and sinistra coming to the v. cava superior from bothsides (right-left). The largest of the five branches is the v. subclavia . The other four branches are veins from the collection area of the v. brachiocephalica : from the area of the head, neck, thyroid gland, thymus, esophagus, pericardium, upper extremities and part of the chest. 46 This is still th eaxillary vein.