Global Journal of Medical Research, K: Interdisciplinary, Volume 22 Issue 1

2. The other extension from the two branches of the basilic vein split into four units at the forearm. 73 2.1 One of its units divides from the lower parts of the forearm to the wrist. 2.2 The second unit branches over the first extension, just like the first unit. 2.3 The third branch is distributed in the middle of the forearm in this way. 2.4 The fourth branch is the largest, and it is the one that becomes visible. It goes upwards and sends branches to components of al-q ī f ā l ( v. cephalica ) and from them will be the branch of al-ak ḥ al ( v. mediana cubiti ). Which is not related to them, that remains of the original unit of the al-b ā sil ī q ( v. basilica ). This blood vessel penetrates into the deep again. The al-ak ḥ al ( v. mediana cubiti ) begins on the inner side ( al-ins ī y ) ( medial ), then downwards on the forearm ( az-zand al-'a ʿ l ā ) (on the radius) and then turns in the lateral direction ( ʿ al ā al-wa ḥ š ī ) and gives two branches, similar to the shape of the Greek letter lambda. Its upper part is placed on the side of the radius and runs to the wrist, then passes through the back of the thumb ( al-ibh ā m ), then runs between it and the forefinger ( as-sab ā ba ) and the index finger. The lower part turns in the direction of the ulna ( il ā ṭ araf az- zand al-asfal ) and divides into three branches: 1. One of the departments turns towards the place between the middle finger and the index finger and connects with the branches of the blood vessel, which return to the index finger from the upper part and merge with it as one blood vessel. 2. The second unit is called al-usl ī m ( al-usaylim ) ( v. salvatella ) 74 3. The third extension extends between the ring finger ( al-bin ṣ ir ) and the little finger ( al- ẖ in ṣ ir ). which branches off between the middle ( al-wus ṭā ) and the ring finger ( al-bin ṣ ir ). This part concludes the description of the upwardly extending branch of the empty vein, which is the more minor part of the empty vein. Anatomy of the downward empty vein (al-ağwaf an-n ā zil) The first downward part of the empty vein is the one that leaves the liver. Before it rests on the spinal column, it becomes hair-thin branches 75 that progress to the layers of the right kidney ( laf ā ’if al-kulya ) ( v. renalis dextra ). It will branch out into it and the parts around it to nourish them. After this, a thick blood vessel separates into the left kidney ( v. renalis sinistra ), which is also divided into hair-thin branches in the sheath of the left kidney ( laf ā fat al-kulya al-yusr ā ), and in the parts close to it to nourish them. Then two large blood vessels, called the a ṭ - ṭā li' ū n 76 ( vv. renales ), separate from it [from the downward empty vein] and travel to the two kidneys to clean the watery part of the blood ( m ā 'iyat ad-dam ). The kidneys extract their contents ( ġ i ḏā ’uh ā ) from the two kidney veins, the aqueous part of the blood, and one blood vessel from the left blood vessel goes to the left testis in men and the left ovary in women . 77 Like the arteries, the veins travel similarly, branching out, in the testicles and ovaries. The blood vessel that goes to the left kidney always ’absorbs’ its contents from the left renal vein ( ya’ ẖ u ḏ u ‘abbatan minhu ). And the blood vessel that goes to the right kidney gets its food from the right kidney vein. In the kidneys, there is a duct in which the sperm ( al-min ā ) 78 get mature. The sperm is originally red, given its white colour only by the thickness and roundness of the wall of the blood vessels in the conduit and by the effect of a substance originating in the spinal column . 79 Much of this blood vessel is absorbed in the penis and cervix and, in places already mentioned in the description of the arteries and renal veins. A branch rests against the empty vein along the spine and starts down. It gives a branch to each vertebra, penetrates and branches into the muscle at the vertebrae, -veins branch toward the two hips and end at the abdominal muscles. There are blood vessels that travel into the openings between the 16 Year 2022 Global Journal of Medical Research Volume XXII Issue I Version I ( D ) K © 2022 Global Journals Basics of the Medieval Arabic Medicine: The Vascular Systems in the Canon of Medicine of Avicenna Incorporating a Translation of a Part of the First Book 73 In the elbow bend the basilic vein on 2 branches, the cephalic vein splits into 3 branches. In the forearm, the arteries are accompanied by 2-2 veins, called ’accompanying veins.’ 74 Fonahn, serial number 3630. The salvatella vein passes between the 4th and 5th hand bones. 75 They do not branch out from the liver, but belong to the visceral branches of inferior vena cava. The under the liver part of the inferior vena cava contacts the medial edge of the right kidney and the right adrenal gland. 76 Fonahn, serial number 3206. 77 The testicular vein leaves the test is through the seminal cord and from the left test is flows into the renal vein, while from the right test is joins the inferior vena cava. Around the middle of the m. psoas major , the ureter intersects obliquely in men with the testicular artery ( a. testicularis ), in women the ovaric artery ( a. ovarica ) and the surrounding braided veins ( plexus pampiniformis ). 78 Sperm are produced by germ cells in the inner half of the testis and mature in the epididymis. The funiculus spermaticus (seminal duct) enters the pelvis through the groin as part of a seminal cord containing blood vessels and nerves. Its widened section extends to the bottom of the bladder and then merges between the bladder and the urethra on the inside of these minal vesicle with its outlet tube. 79 The duct in the kidney is the ureter , which has a part of the abdomen ( pars abdominalis ) and a pelvis ( pars pelvina ). In the abdominal section, the urethra intersects with the internal spermatic artery ( a. spermatic ainterna ). Under the paired renal artery, the paired internal spermatic artery (in men) and the paired ovaric artery (in women) originates from the abdominal aorta. It crosses the external iliac artery ( a. iliaca externa ) at the border of pelvis minor and pelvis major. In men, the ureter crosses the duct of semen in the pelvis minor, in women with uterine artery ( a. uterina ). Arteries are accompanied by veins everywhere. Because of this, due to the myriad crossings back and forth, it may have seemed to the medieval observer that the formation of the sperms had something to do with the kidneys and the leads from it. In the renal gate, the renal vein ( v. renalis ), the renal artery ( a. renalis ) and ureter they are behind each other. The inferior vena cava travels parallel to the spine, into the inferior vena cava arrives v. renalis after collecting smaller veins collected from the renal filter system. The image of sperm changing from red to white was probably the result of the entanglement of blood vessels and the urethra.