Global Journal of Medical Research, K: Interdisciplinary, Volume 22 Issue 1

vertebrae to the spinal cord. When (the empty vein) reaches the last vertebra, 80 1. One branch ( v. iliaca externa ) moves towards the lumbar region ( al-matn ā n ) ( regio lumbalis ). it turns in two directions: they turn to the right ( v. iliaca communis dextra ) and to the left ( v. iliaca communis sinistra ), and then both move in the direction of the thighs. Both give branches to ten before reaching the liver. 2. The second branch ( v. iliaca interna ) is hair-thin and extends to the lower abdomen. 3. The third branch (branch of v. iliaca externa ) is divided the muscle of the sacrum ( os sacrum ) 4. The fourth branch (branch of v. iliaca externa ) is divided into the pharyngeal muscle (‘a ḍ l al- maq ʿ ada ) and the outer half of the tail ( ẓā hir al- ‘a ǧ uz ). 5. The fifth branch ( plexus uterovaginalis ) 81 in women turns towards and branches in and around the cervix ( ‘unuq al-ra ḥ m ) and in the bladder ( al- ma ṯā na ) ( plexus vesicalis ). The vessel that leads straight to the bladder splits into two parts: one branches into the bladder, and the other turns toward the neck ( cervix ). This branch multiplies in the penis in men and is divided into a few components in women. Of the blood vessels that extend laterally to the uterus, some branches run upward to the breasts to connect them to the uterus ( v. epigastrica inferior ). 82 6. The sixth branch ( plexus pudendalis ) moves towards the muscles of the pubic bones (‘a ẓ m al- ʿā na ) ( ossa pubis ). 7. The seventh branch moves upward in the straight abdominal muscle. These blood vessels ( vv. epigastricae ) are connected to the ends of the blood vessels that descend from the chest towards the lower delicate part of the abdomen ( mar ā q al- ba ṭ n ). From the origin of these descending blood vessels ( min a ṣ l h āḏ ihi al-‘ur ū q ) are the blood vessels that reach the uterus in women ( plexus uterovaginalis ). 8. The eighth branch ( plexus panpiniformis ) extends to the genitals ( al-qubl ) in both men and women. 80 This is not the end of the spine, only the end of the vertebrae. The end of the dorsal vertebraeis in the lumbar region 4th-5th at the vertebrae, at the height of the articulatio sacroiliaca . Coming from the direction of the two hips where v. iliaca communis dextra and sinistra meet and flow here to inferior vena cava. Here in the description, the blood vessels proceed in reverse, as it is the medieval idea that the veins and not the arteries are the ones that deliver nutrients to the organs. 81 This branch already belongs to the internal iliac vein ( v. iliaca interna or also known as v. hypogastrica ). The hypogastric vein transports blood from the organs of the pelvis. There are well-developed venous braids around the organs here: 1. Plexus haemorrhoidalis (around the rectum), 2. Plexus vesicalis (around the bladder), 3. Plexus pudendalis ( around the pubic bone, bladder and urethra), 4. Plexus uterovaginalis (around the uterus and vagina). 82 Inferior epigastric vein branch of external iliac vein . 9. The ninth branch ( v. femoralis ) spans and adds units to the inner half of the thigh. 10. The tenth branch moves visibly from the urethra ( al- ḥā lib ) towards the hips ( il ā -l- ẖāṣ iratayni ) (lumbar region, regio lumbalis ) (contact with the vascular descending vessels ( vv. epigastricae )) with its end branches. Of the many small vessels, this is the one which eventually becomes a larger vessel ( v. testicularis ) and end in the testicles (‘a ḍ l al- un ṯ ayayn’ ). 83 The blood vessels that do not collect in the large blood vessel leading to the testicles go to the thighs and give larger or smaller branches. One of these branches goes to the muscle on the anterior surface of the thigh, and another branch deepens in the muscle (medial side) of the lower and inner halves of the thigh ( f ī ‘a ḍ l asfal al-fa ẖ i ḏ wa-insiyyihi ). Many small branches branch off deep in the thigh, which remains beyond these, becoming below the knee joint into three branches: 1. The lateral branch of these extends from the fibula ( al-qa ṣ abat a ṣ - ṣ u ġ r ā ) to the ankle joint ( maf ṣ il al- ka ʿ ab ). 2. The middle branch moves downward in the knee flexion and leaves in the muscle’s units inner half of the leg. Two units branch off, one of which penetrates deep into the leg. The other of the two tibias reaches the anterior half of the tibia and mixes with the extensions of the lateral unit. 3. The third branch, the al-ins ī y ( internalis, medialis ), turns to the veined side of the leg ( al-maw ḍ i' al- mu ʿ arraq ) and then goes down to the ankle on the convex side of the tibia ( a ṭ - ṭ araf al -mu ḥ addab min al-qa ṣ aba al- ʿ u ẓ m ā / al-kubr ā ). Then it moves forward from the middle, this is the a ṣ - ṣā fin ( v. saphena ) 84 17 Year 2022 Global Journal of Medical Research Volume XXII Issue I Version I ( D ) K © 2022 Global Journals Basics of the Medieval Arabic Medicine: The Vascular Systems in the Canon of Medicine of Avicenna Incorporating a Translation of a Part of the First Book 83 The testicular vein leaves the testicle in the seminal cord. Here in the description it goes exactly the other way around. On the right it flows into the inferior vena cava, on the left into the renal vein. 84 The Greek and Arabic meanings of the name of the rose vein ( v. saphena ) differ significantly. While the meaning of the vein that Celsus still called the ankle vein ( vena ad malleolos ) was ’clear, visible, ’the Arabic word means ’hidden.’ This is because, in contrast to other skin veins in the human body, which are well visible through the skin in a healthy state, the much of saphenous vein, which runs from the ankle to the thigh, cannot be seen, it remains hidden. However, it appears behind the inner ankle. It was also used for blood sampling in the Middle Ages. The rose vein used to be called ’t ű nér’ in Hungarian means ’disappearing vein.’ His German name also reveals a lot about it: Frauenader (female vein) as women more often suffered from dilation of this blood vessel (varicositas, network varicose veins), Scheinader (false artery), or Rosenader (rose vein). The Arabic participle figure ṣā fin also means a horse, that stands on three legs, and bends one of its front legs. (Lane 1872: 1703). This condition contradicts the resting position of horses, in which one of their hind hooves is placed on their rim, and thus rested, since most of their body weight is carried by the front legs. While grazing, the horse can bend one of its front legs, thus he stands on three legs or, as Lane writes, the nomads can tie one of the front legs of the horse to its forearms to prevent them from wandering far away.