Global Journal of Medical Research, K: Interdisciplinary, Volume 22 Issue 1

here, a network of blood vessels is intertwined with other blood vessels, and layers are deposited on layers, and grooves follow on the tracks; they cannot be separated from each other because they are connected, forming a network . 108 The blood vessels give branches forward, backward, right, left, spreading in the net ( aš-šabaka ) ( rete mirabile ). Then a couple of these gather; as if these two are worth the first. The meninges form a hole for them where they can ascend to the brain. They then branch into the soft meninges of the brain ( al- ġ iš ā ar-raq ī q / pia mater ) , 109 then into the brain ( ǧ irm ad- dim āġ / medulla ) , 110 inside, and into the thin membrane lining the inside ( ṣ if ā q bu ṭū nihi ) . 111 found in his eyes. The rete mirabile is a network of blood vessels in which many branches of the branching artery continue to merge into an artery again. Rete mirabiles lows down arterial blood flow. It is found in the cranial cavity, in the eye, in the glomeruli of the kidney. Galen believed that the life spirit (spiritus vitalis) was transformed into the animal (or animate) spirit (spiritus animalis) in rete mirabile and was then distributed throughout the entire body from the brain along the nerves. 108 The artery, along with its bony duct, bend satright angles and reaches the sphenoidal bone almost horizontally. Its course here is peculiar: on eachside of the body of the sphenoidal bone there are sinuses in double membrans in which the venous blood of the brain flows. This vein of these sinuses is called sinus cavernosus and, in its cavity in addition to the internal carotid artery, important cerebral nerves also run. These formulas are connected by connective tissue beams that make the interior of the venous sinus cavernous, as described herein. 109 According to Fonahn’s dictionary (serial number 1407.) it is the arachnoidea . The arachnoidea does not contain blood vessels, while the soft meninges ( pia mater ) are rich in blood vessels. The arachnoidea and pia mater together form the soft meninges ( leptomeninx ). The soft meninges are the third meninges that lie tightly against the surface of the brain. 110 Fonahn, serial number 1625. 111 Among these blood vessels is, for example, the posterior commonartery , which establishes a connection to the internal carotic artery and between the posterior branch of the posterior cerebral artery ( vertebral artery ). The choroidal artery leads to the lateral ventricles of the brain and forms a dense loop system in them that produces liquor. It reaches the openings of the small blood vessels that previously ascended here, and then the beginnings of the small downward veins. [They climb, they descend] because this is the best way for the continuous flow of blood to reverse at the ends of the blood vessels. The ascending branch is where the immortal divine soul ( ar-r ūḥ ) enters, which is subtle, agile, and has an upward motion, and has no need to turn by the vessel of the carrier or to be emptied. If this were to happen, it would lead to the emptying of the blood that carries it and make it harder for the soul to move because the soul is moving upwards more easily. The movement and subtlety of the soul are enough to manifest in the brain what is needed, and, the brain to heat it. Therefore it is covered with a net under the brain, and therefore the arterial blood returns, and with it the soul too, and it becomes simila r 112 Anatomy of the descending artery (descendant aorta) (aš-širy ā n an-n ā zil) (aorta descendens) to the nature of the brain (miz āǧ ) after maturation. It then gradually becomes accessible in the brain and, in the network between the skull and the hard meninges. The descending artery ( aorta descendens ) first progresses straight to the fifth vertebra 113 in contrast to the base of the heart ( ra’s al-qalb ) where the thymus ( a ṯ - ṯ aw ṯ a ) is also present as the support and reinforcement of the heart. It is located between it and the vertebrae of the spine (‘i ẓā m a ṣ - ṣ ulb ) and the esophagus ( al-mar ī ). As soon as the artery reaches this place, it turns to its right so it does not pass through it. It then ascends to the diaphragm ( al- ḥ i ǧā b ), attaching to the membranes to not constrict the blood vessel . 114 After reaching the fifth vertebra, it takes a turn and starts down the spine until it reaches the sacrum ( ‘a ẓ m al- ʿ a ǧ uz ). As it passes through the chest, it leaves hair-thin small branches that disperse in the blood vessels of the lungs ( wi’ ā ’al-ri’a ) ( a. bronchialis ) . 115 Its limbs reach the trachea and give branches at each vertebra along the way until it finally reaches between the ribs and the spinal cord. From the chest, two arteries reach the diaphragm ( al- ḥ i ǧā b ), separating to the right and to the left. One of the arteries ( aorta abdominalis ) branches to the stomach, liver, spleen . 116 A branch of the liver becomes free toward the bladder. 117 An artery then grows and goes to the mesenterium ( al- ǧ ad ā wil ), which is located around the small intestine and colon ( al-am ʿā ’ ad-diq ā q wa-l- qul ū n ). 118 Then three arteries separate from this (the 20 Year 2022 Global Journal of Medical Research Volume XXII Issue I Version I ( D ) K © 2022 Global Journals Basics of the Medieval Arabic Medicine: The Vascular Systems in the Canon of Medicine of Avicenna Incorporating a Translation of a Part of the First Book 112 As a result of the third digestion, which takes place in the organs and which actually corresponds to the use of the nutrient. The food brought by the blood will be part of the brain, absorbed, and incorporated into the tissues of the brain. 113 The heart is located between the 2nd and 5th ribs. 114 According to today's division, the descending aorta has a thoracic section ( aorta thoracica ) that extends from the end of the aortic arch to the diaphragm and the other ( aorta abdominalis ) that extends from the diaphragm to the abdomen. The thoracic aorta enters the abdominal cavity through the hiatus aorticus (aortic opening) of the diaphragm in front of the spinal column. This opening (tendonous ring) is between the two tendonous-structured legs (crus) of the diaphragm and the spine (at the height of the 12th vertebrae), so it is not affected by the contractions of the diaphragm, the blood supply to the aorta is continuous, i.e. it does not narrow the blood vessel. 115 The visceral branches of the thoracic aorta include the arteries that supply the tissues of the lungs ( a.bronchialis ), the esophagus ( aa. oesophagae ) and the pericardium ( rami pericardiaci ). 116 The odd visceral branches of the abdominal aorta supply the liver ( a. hepatica ), the stomach ( a. gastrica ), the pancreas ( a. pancreatica ), and the spleen ( a. lienalis ). 117 One of the branches of the artery leading to the bladder, the internal iliac artery ( a. iliaca interna ) ( a.vesicalis inferior ) to the lower part of the bladder, or aa. vesicales superiores , which runs to the upper part of the bladder, i.e. does not originate from the liver. 118 The odd visceral branches of the abdominal aorta supply blood to the small and large intestines. These are the ( a. mesenterica superior) upper mesenteric artery supplies the small intestine and ( a. mesenterica inferior ) lower mesenteric artery supplies the colon.