Global Journal of Medical Research, K: Interdisciplinary, Volume 22 Issue 1

mesentery): 119 The smallest of them reaches mainly to the left kidney and branches into its cover layers ( lif ā t ) and the surrounding organs ( al-a ǧ s ā m ) and gives them life ( yuf ī duh ā al- ḥ ay ā t ) . 120 The other two blood vessels go to the two kidneys so that the kidneys can extract the aqueous (liquid) part of the blood from them. These two blood vessels most often extract unclean blood from the stomach and intestines, then separate into two arteries and go to the testes / ovaries ( al-un ṯ ayayn ) . 121 Of the two, the artery arriving at the left is always associated in one piece with the artery ( a. renalis ) arriving at the left kidney. The artery that arrives at the left testicle may only come from the left kidney. And the artery that goes to the right testicle always comes from the largest artery ( aš-širy ā n al-’a ʿẓ am / aorta ). It is rarely associated with any blood vessel ( ista ṣḥ aba šay’an ) that reaches the right kidney. Then two smaller arteries separate from this large artery and branch into the blood vessels of the mesentery ( ǧ ad ā wil al-‘ur ū q / via venarum / mesenteric vessels) that surround the rectum ( al-ma ʿī al-mustaq ī m ) (mesorectum). The tributaries (šu ʿ ab) branch out into the spinal cord ( al-nu ẖā ’ ) and penetrate the cavities of the vertebrae. Some blood vessels travel to the hips, others to the testicles / ovaries. A small pair of these blood vessels — not the ones we will mention in the case of men and women — end at the anterior ( al-qubl ) and mix with the veins. As soon as the largest artery ( aorta abdominalis ) reaches the last vertebra, it splits into two branches, forming a Greek letter of lambda, along with the vein associated with it ( v. cava inferior ). 122 One branch turns to the right side, the other to the left side, then they pass the sacrum and run towards the thighs ( aa. iliacae externae ). Before returning to the thighs, both give branches to the bladder ( aa. vesicales ) and the navel ( a. umbilicalis ). They meet at the navel. This part is well seen in newborns . 123 119 It does not start from the mesentery, but the abdominal aorta branches off to both kidneys: a. renalis sinistra et dextra. 120 According to the medieval idea, the artery transports the life force / spirit (spiritus vitalis) from the heart to the target organs. The immortal part of the soul, the pneuma, gives life to the organs. 121 The internal spermatic artery ( a. spermatica interna ) and the ovaric artery ( a. ovarica ) branch off from the abdominal aorta. 122 The end of the dorsal vertebrae in the lumbar region 4th-5th at the vertebrae, at the height of the sacroiliac joint. The abdominal aorta ( aorta abdominalis ) forks off into two iliac arteries ( a. iliaca communis ). 123 The common iliac artery splits into two iliac arteries, which form an external branch ( a. iliaca externa ) and an internal branch ( a. iliaca interna ) on eachside. The internal visceral branches of the hypogastric artery ( a.hypogastrica or a. iliaca interna ) supply blood to the organs of the pelvis on the right and left sides, such as the bladder. In intrauterine life, one more branch was derived from the hypogastric artery. In the fetus, the main branch of hypogastric artery is umbilical artery ( a. umbilicalis) , which adheres to bothsides of the bladder and then to the inner surface of the anterior abdominal wall, and run upto the umbilical cord, and through it to the navel ring. After birth, this artery is removed or transformed into a connective tissue bundle in the lateral ligament of the bladder. ( ligamentum umbilicale laterale ) In a fully developed fetus, the ends of these blood vessels dry out, leaving only their bases, from where the two arteries branch into the muscle in the sacrum. The artery, which extends from here to the bladder ( al-ma ṯā na ), branches into it ( aa. vesicales ), its ends reach to the penis ( al-qa ḍī b ) in men ( a. pudenda interna, a. profunda penis ), in women to the uterus come ( a. uterina ). For women, this is a small pair of wires. The arteries leading to the legs first divide into two large branches in the thighs, laterally ( wa ḥ š ī yyan ) ( a. profunda femoris ) and medially ( ins ī yan ) ( a. femoralis ). 124 The outer branch also bends towards the inner side and leaves branches in the muscle there, then starts down and turns forward ( a. tibialis posterior ) and gives a large branch to the thumb ( al-ibh ā m ) and middle finger ( as-sab ā ba ) . 125 The remainder straightens out of the blood vessel and passes through most of the leg ( a. peronea ) under the veins. 126 The arteries described include those that travel with the veins: for example, the two blood vessels from the liver to the navel in the abdomen of the neonate ( a./v. umbilicalis ), the branches of the venous artery ( a. pulmonalis / v. pulmonalis ), the artery to the fifth (back) vertebra ( a ḍ - ḍā rib an-n ā fi ḏ ) ( arcus aortae ) axillary artery ( a. /v. axillaris ), the two carotid arteries ( as-sub ā t ā n / a. carotis dextra et sinistra ) blood vessels in the diaphragm, the blood vessels penetrating the shoulder with the lateral branches ( a. /v. subclavia ), the stomach ( a. /v. gastrica sinistra ) 127 124 The external iliac artery hides under the groin tape ( ligamentum inguinale ), and in the thighs like femoral artery ( a. femoralis ) progresses further down to the popliteal space. The largest branch is the profunda femoral artery , which originates a few centimeters below the inguinal region and immediately penetrates deep. 125 The tibial artery ( a. tibialis ) is continuation of popliteal artery ( a. poplitea ) in the leg along the tibia. Its end is dorsal pedis artery , which runs from the center of the line between the ankles to the first metatarsal bone. 126 Accompanying veins are veins that run parallel to the arteries and have a triple layer of walls. In the limbs from the middle of the brachial artery downwards, each artery is accompanied by two veins, the branches of which correspond to those of the arteries. , the liver ( a. hepatica , vv. hepaticae ), the spleen ( a./v. lienalis ), the blood vessels leading to the intestines ( a./v. mesenterica inferior ), the blood vessels descending from the fine lower abdomen ( a./v. iliaca communis ) and the blood vessels, which branch off at the sacrum (‘a ẓ m al-‘ağuz ) ( a./v. iliaca externa and a./v. iliaca interna ). The artery ( aorta abdominalis ) rests tightly on the vein ( v. cava inferior ) that is in the muscle passing by the spine, so that the lower rank of the two carries the nobler ( liyak ū n a ẖ assuhum ā ḥā milan lilašrafi ). As for the limbs, the artery travels deep under the vein to be hidden, and the vein gives it protection. The vein forms a kind of protective shield above it. Arteries are associated with veins for two reasons: one is that the veins attach to the membranes in which the arteries are lined and draw water ( tastaq ī mimm ā baynahum ā min al-a ʿḍā ’ ) from the 21 Year 2022 Global Journal of Medical Research Volume XXII Issue I Version I ( D ) K © 2022 Global Journals Basics of the Medieval Arabic Medicine: The Vascular Systems in the Canon of Medicine of Avicenna Incorporating a Translation of a Part of the First Book 127 Or v. coronaria ventriculi , which travels along the small curvature of the stomach and opens into the portal vein.