Global Journal of Medical Research, K: Interdisciplinary, Volume 22 Issue 4

containers are placed in outer transport packages provided with a suitable cushioning material. The outer containers protect the contents from the external elements, such as physical damage, while the package is in transit [12]. Given the severity of the TB epidemic, innovative solutions are needed to ensure that patients have the diagnosis needed for clinical management and for public health measures [13]. Considering the different situations of spill management, safe transport of samples and safety of personnel, the secondary packaging was designed with the objective of covering these needs identified during the process of sending samples in the country. Everyone has a responsibility to manage the potential for occupational exposures. Responsibility for the cleaning of body fluid spillage should be clear within each care setting. Following a spill, sampling programs play a vital role in documenting the extent of contamination and providing valuable information to inform clean-up strategies [14]. The use of the secondary packaging by activists and motorbike riders are substantially improving TB sample referencing and reducing dramatically spillage. The stroke rate also remained at 2%. Eighty-nine percent (89%) of the rejected samples are caused by spills due to the use of TDR boxes, improvised for the transport of samples. R eferences R éférences R eferencias 1. Leslie HH, Spiegelman D, Zhou X, and Kruka ME. Service readiness of health facilities in Bangladesh, Haiti, Kenya, Malawi, Namibia, Nepal, Rwanda, Senegal, Uganda and the United Republic of Tanzania. Bull World Health Organ. 2017 2. Global Laboratory Initiative. Guide to TB Specimen Referral systems and integrated networks [internet]. 2016 Available at: http://stoptb.org/wg/gli/assets/ documents/GLI_Guide_specimens_ web_ ready.pdf 3. Petti CA, Polage CR, Quinn TC, Ronald AR, Sande MA. Laboratory medicine in Africa: A barrier to effective health care. Clin Infect Dis. 2006 4. Nkengasong JN, Yao K, Onyebujoh P. Laboratory medicine in low income and middle-income countries: Progress and challenges. Lancet. 2018. 5. Alemnji G, Peter T, Vojnov L, Alexander H, Zeh C, Cohn J, et al. Building and Sustaining Optimized Diagnostic Networks to Scale-up HIV Viral Load and Early Infant Diagnosis. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2020; 6. https://brilhomoz.com/assets/documents/SHORT- PROVINCIAL-PROFILE-Mozambique.pdf accessed in 15 July 2022 7. Sánchez-Carrillo C, Guerrero-Gómez C. Recogida, transporte y procesamiento general de las muestras en el laboratorio de Microbiología. 2003. 1a. Sánchez-Carrillo C. (coordinador). Procedimientos en Microbiología clínica. Cercenado Mansilla E, Canton Moreno R (editores). Sociedad Española de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica (SEIMC); 2017. Available at: http://www.seimc.org/documentos/ protocolos/microbiología 8. A.J. Linscott. Specimen, collection, transport and acceptability. 4th ed. 2010 9. http://www.stoptb.org/wg/gli/srt.asp 10. Phillips, N. et al. (2016). “Costs Associated with the Use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Transportation of Laboratory Specimens in Malawi. Village Reach. 11. American Society for Microbiology (ASM). Sentinel level clinical laboratory protocols for suspected biological threat agents and emerging infectious diseases. Available at: www.asm.org/index.php/ guidelines/sentinel-guielines 12. https://www2.gov.bc.ca/assets/gov/environment/air- land-water/spills-and-environmental-emergencies/ docs/materials/post-spill_sampling_guidance.pdf accessed in 17 July 2022 13. https://www.nipcm.hps.scot.nhs.uk/media/1664/202 0-07-sicp-lr-bloodspillages-v3.pdf accessed in 17 July 2022 14. Guidance on regulations for the transport of infectious substances 2015–2016. World Health Organization, (2015), Available at: http://apps.who. int/iris/bitstream/10665/149288/1/WHO_HSE_GCR_ 2015.2_eng.pdf 44 Year 2022 Global Journal of Medical Research Volume XXII Issue IV Version I ( D ) K © 2022 Global Journals Improvement on Packaging and Referencing Tuberculosis Samples- Experience in Zambezia, Mozambique V. C onclusion