Global Journal of Medical Research, L: Nutrition & Food Science, Volume 22 Issue 2

As far as the intragroup comparisons (Table 4), the functions that are related to the frontal lobes were improved. Specifically, the FAB scores compared before and after therapy: Fourteen (14) out of twenty patients performed better after therapy. A Wilcoxon Signed- Ranked Test indicated that this difference was statistically significant, z=-3.329 p<.01. BICAMS scores, also, indicated improvement in specific cognitive functions. There were not statistically significant differences in GVLT score but there was statistically significant improvement in BVMT and SDMT scores. In the BVMT fifteen (15) out of twenty patients performed better after therapy and a Wilcoxon Signed-Ranked Test statistically significant improvement, z=-3.170, p<.01. In the SDMT, scores before and after therapy indicated statistically significant differences because seventeen (17) patients performed better after therapy than before, z=-3.467 p<.01. As far as depression and negative emotions, great improvement was indicated by both the BDI and the MHI. Specifically, according to BDI, depressive symptoms were improved in 16 patients after therapy compared to their previous scores, z=-3.523 p< .01 Furthermore, MHI indicated statistically significant improvement in patients’ general mental health, because 17 patients had less mental health problems after therapy than before, z=-3.456p< .01. Table 4: Calculation of differences before and after one one year therapy with EH-EVOO using Wilcoxon Signed- Ranks Test Negative ranks Positive Ranks Test Statistics Before/ after n Mean rank Sum of ranks n Mean rank Sum of ranks Ties Z p FAB 0 .00 .00 14 7.50 105.00 6 -3.329 .0001** GVLT 9 5.39 48.50 9 13.61 122.50 2 -1.615 .106 BVMT 3 4.33 13.00 15 10.53 158.00 2 -3.170 .002** SDMT 1 6.00 6.00 17 9.71 165.00 2 -3.467 .0001** PDQ 5 5.10 25.50 8 8.19 65.50 7 -1.419 .156 BDI 2 2.50 5.00 16 10.38 166.00 2 -3.523 .0001** MHI 3 4.17 12.50 17 11.62 197.50 0 -3.456 .001** Significance levels: *p<.05 **p<.01 However, in control group there was no statistically significant changes (Table 5). These results of control group in combination with the statistically significant results of intervention group confirm EVOO’s benefits in certain sectors of cognition. Table 5: Calculation of differences before and after one year without therapy using Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks Test Negative ranks Positive ranks Test Statistics Before/ after n Mean rank Sum of ranks n Mean rank Sum of ranks Ties Z p FAB 3 4.83 14.50 5 4.30 21.50 2 - .496 .620 GVLT 6 4.50 27.00 3 6.00 18.00 1 -.539 .590 BVMT 6 4.83 29.00 2 3.50 7.00 2 -1.611 .107 SDMT 3 6.33 19.00 5 3.40 17.00 2 -.140 .888 PDQ 7 5.71 40.00 2 2.50 5.00 1 -2.111 .035* BDI 6 4.50 27.00 1 1.00 1.00 3 -2.111 .027* MHI 5 4.90 24.50 4 5.13 20.50 1 -.237 .813 Significance levels: *p<.05 **p<.01 49 Year 2022 Global Journal of Medical Research Volume XXII Issue II Version I ( D ) L © 2022 Global Journals The Effects of Early-Harvest Extra Virgin Olive Oil on Cognition and Mental Health of Primary (PPMS) or Secondary (SPMS) Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Patients