Global Journal of Researches in Engineering, E: Civil & Structural, Volume 23 Issue 2

(A) Vaporization of stored liquid due to steam or condensate leakage from heating system in REPAR – Curitiba/PR – BRAZIL. (B) High temperature variation in RNEST – Ipojuca/PE – BRAZIL. (C) Pumping above the pressure admitted by the tank in RLAM – São Francisco do Conde Bahia/BA – BRAZIL. (D) Tank inertization with racket relief valves, preventing its operation in REFAP – Canoas/RS – BRAZIL. (E) Sudden vaporization of water inside the tank in LUBNOR – Mucuripe/CE – BRAZIL. (F) Start of fire, flow through the emergency valve in LAMESA TEXAS – USA. Source: Vector-Mathias (2015) Figure 1: Examples of overpressure or vacuum situations in tanks The dimensioning of nozzles and vents for fuel storage tanks – and other chemical products – is essential for reducing emissions. And, when associated with the other criteria evaluated in this study, emissions losses are minimized. The use of criteria provides sustainability and economy during the useful life of the tank, especially in tank farms. The correct sizing of the inlet and outlet nozzles and the tank vent is carried out based on the flow rates of the pumps used for filling and temperature variations. The sizing of breather valves is done by API-2000(2009). Table 3 indicates the factors that must be evaluated for sizing the nozzles and the vent depending on the fluid that will be stored inside. Table 3: Optimum fluid velocities, for calculating the pipe size based on the flow of the filling and emptying pumps Fluid Economy Speed (m/s) Piping Material Water for general services 0.9 to 2.5 Steel Water for industrial network 0.9 to 2.2 Steel pump suction line 0.9 to 2.2 Steel Pump discharge line 2.1 to 3.0 Steel Hydrochloric acid 15 rubber coating Sulfuric acid 88% to 98% 1.2 Cast iron Ammonia 1.8 Steel Benzene 1.8 Steel chlorine 1.5 Steel Chloroform 1.8 Copper and Steel Sodium Hydroxide 30% 1.8 Steel 30% to 50% Sodium Hydroxide 1.5 Steel Sodium hydroxide from 50% to 73% 1.2 Steel Lubricant 1.8 Steel Fuel oil 1.8 Steel Brine (CaCl2) 1.2 Steel Carbon tetrachloride 1.8 Steel ethylene trichlor 1.8 Steel Source: Adapted from Telles (1999) E F © 2023 Global Journals Global Journal of Researches in Engineering ( ) E Volume XxXIII Issue II Version I 5 Year 2023 Atmospheric Storage Cylindrical Tanks: Project Optimization Considering Environmental Criteria