Global Journal of Researches in Engineering, E: Civil & Structural, Volume 23 Issue 2

© 2023. Hélio Luiz Simonetti, Valério S. Almeida, Virgil Del Duca Almeida, Luttgardes de Oliveira Neto, Marlan D. S. Cutrim & Vitor Manuel A. Leitão. This research/review article is distributed under the terms of the Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BYNCND 4.0). You must give appropriate credit to authors and reference this article if parts of the article are reproduced in any manner. Applicable licensing terms are at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. Global Journal of Researches in Engineering: E Civil And Structural Engineering Volume 23 Issue 2 Version 1.0 Year 2023 Type: Double Blind Peer Reviewed International Research Journal Publisher: Global Journals Online ISSN: 2249-4596 & Print ISSN: 0975-5861 Topology Optimization: Applications of VFLSM and SESO in the Generation of Three-Dimensional Strut-and-Tie Models By Hélio Luiz Simonetti, Valério S. Almeida, Virgil Del Duca Almeida, Luttgardes de Oliveira Neto, Marlan D. S. Cutrim & Vitor Manuel A. Leitão University of São Paulo (EPUSP) Abstract- This article presents the analysis of Strut-and-Tie Model (STM) in reinforced concrete 3D structures based on the study of topological optimization, so that the problem is formulated with the Smooth-ESO (SESO) discrete method, whose removal heuristic is bidirectional with discrete optimization procedure, and the Velocity Field Level Set Method (VFLSM), which is an inheritance of the classical continuum Level Set Method (LSM), but advances the design limits with a velocity field constructed from the rate of the design variables and base functions. The proposed approach is to couple both methods in conjunction with the Method of Moving Asymptotes (MMA), used to control the various design constraints that are the minimization of compliance and the Von Mises stress that has demonstrated more rational STM results. Additionally, it has been formulated a methodology for the automatic generation of optimal of 3D STM by using sensitivity analysis obtaining via derivatives of the Von Mises stress fields, finding the force paths prevailing compression in the directions of the strut and the tensile in the directions of the ties for the reinforcement insertion. Keywords: reinforced concrete, topology optimization, strut-and-tie model, SESO, VFLSM. GJRE-E Classification: DDC: 624 TopologyOptimizationApplicationsofVFLSMandSESOintheGenerationofThreeDimensionalStrutandTieModels Strictly as per the compliance and regulations of: