Global Journal of Researches in Engineering, E: Civil & Structural, Volume 23 Issue 2

kerogen composition of a sample of Timahdit shale [1] is shown in Table 2. Table 2: Elemental composition of Timahdit and Colorado kerogen Elements % for Timahdit kerogen % for Colorado kerogen Carbon 69,2 80,5 Hydrogen 6,5 10,3 Azote 2,9 2,4 Sulfur 8,4 1,0 Oxygen 12,9 5,8 IV. S ynthesis of the S imulation of the U se of O il S hale as a R oad C oating to R eplace R oad B itumen a) Application Techniques for Bituminous Shale The sub-base course must be produced in strips, in accordance with the following procedure: − Scraping soil in order to decompactify it and detect any mining waste, afforestation or scrap metal. − A tractor-mounted stone crusher is used to size the largest schist blocks to 60 mm. − Adjustment of water content by sprinkler and paver − Binder spreading by spreader. b) Summary of the Study on the Application of Oil Shale for Road and Runway Coating On the basis of various reserve evaluation studies, geophysical, geological, mining, geochemical and chemical work studies, we have characterized the deposits according to the zones with profitable exploitation. In addition to the use of bituminous layers as a source of energy, we have identified their use in road coating by replacing road bitumen which is a residue of crude oil processing in an oil refinery. Drawing on similar experience [5] and simulation results, the results obtained are encouraging, with very competitive repair costs. c) Results Obtained from Studies, Simulations and Pilot Tests carried out on the Application of Bituminous Shale for Road and Runway Coating Parameter optimization was based on experimental design techniques applied in a similar optimization case [4]. In addition to the economic advantages and local availability, the results obtained lead to the following conclusions: − The products studied show reduced dry densities compared with other types of coating. − Swelling is virtually non-existent − The products show very good resistance to direct shearing, particularly in terms of very high angles of internal friction. − Impact and wear resistance comparable to reference materials − Oil shale-based materials have low degradability and fragmentability under hydric and mechanical stress. A third phase was devoted to studying the technical feasibility and economic viability of industrial applications over long stretches of runways or roads to be coated. The study showed that surfaces covered with oil shale have comparable characteristics to those of asphalt roads usually covered with petroleum bitumen. The physico-chemical characteristics obtained were in line with required standards. Economic profitability was confirmed as well. R eferences R éférences R eferencias 1. Ahmed Saoiabi. Contribution à étude physico- chimique des schistes bitumineux de Timahdit (MAROC). Matières organiques et Métalloporphyrines, Juin 1982, Pages 04 - 39. 2. Y. DAAFI. Les Schistes bitumineux au MAROC. Etat des lieux et potentialités. ENERGIES/MINES et CARRIERES Magazine 12 Octobre 2020. 3. A. Saoiabi. Comportement thermique des schistes bitumineux de Timahdit (MOROCCO) oïl shales Volume 4. Issue 5, May 2001, Pages 361- 366. 4. A. Alouani, A Arbaoui, K. benkhouja, A. Khmich, K. Sbiaai. Optimization of flottation Reagent’s Specific Consumption By Modeling Global Journal of Researches in Engineering (J). Volume 17. Issue 5, Version 1.0-year 2017 P 10-20. 5. SIMON Rakotoarison. Bemolanga Tar Sand. A local raw material for tarring roads in MADAGASCAR ISSN 2351-8014 Vol 24 N° 2 Juin 2016/P 397-406. Global Journal of Researches in Engineering © 2023 Global Journals ( ) E Volume XxXIII Issue II Version I 46 Year 2023 The use of Oil Shale for Road Coating