Global Journal of Researches in Engineering, G: Industrial Engineering, Volume 23 Issue 2

e) Statistical analysis For each task, we conducted a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to determine the significant difference in exerted spinal forces on L4/L5 between the two detected poses and genders. We further performed a t-test to analyze the variables of compressive force, AP shear force, and each anatomical joint angle, to understand the differences between males and females at each pose. The statistical significance level was set at 0.05. Additionally, we analyzed the cross-correlation ( R ) between key anthropometric variables such as body weight, body height, joint angles, and the exerted spinal forces to identify the effect of these variables on the risk of MSDs for aircraft attendants. III. R esults a) Task#1: opening and closing the passenger door Figure 3.1 illustrates the spinal forces applied to the L4/L5 spinal disc. A significant variation in spinal forces (p<0.05) for two specific poses was displayed in Table 3.1. However, in a comparison between genders, a significant difference was only revealed in the compressive spinal force, which was presented in Tables 3.2 and 3.3. Figure 3.2 illustrates the anatomical joints at two specific poses in Task#1. Most joints have significant differences, except for the trunk and right hip, which were shown in Tables 3.1-3.3. During pose #1, when the subjects open the passenger door, only the trunk shows a significant difference between males and females. Pose #2 exhibits a significant difference in the trunk and right shoulder flexion/extension between genders. Figure 3.1: The Spinal Forces Exerted on the Lower Back at Two Poses for Task#1 (a) (b) Global Journal of Researches in Engineering Volume XxXIII Issue II Version I 6 Year 2023 © 2023 Global Journals ( ) G Evaluating the Risk of Injury for Aircraft Attendants using Virtual Reality and Advanced Motion Tracking System Integrated with Ergonomics Analysis