Global Journal of Researches in Engineering, G: Industrial Engineering, Volume 23 Issue 2

For determining the friction force (Ffr), the actual value is 0.8, which is the coefficient of friction between the asphalt and the tire[22]. However, due to limitations of the constraints, a simplification process was carried out, resulting in the contact between the NPT and the road being considered fixed. The simulation scheme can be seen in Figure 3, with W as the vertical load acting on the Y-axis. The value of W is divided by the number of wheels on the vehicle. On the X-axis, there is F which is the force generated by the car during braking, and the value of force F is opposite to the friction force Ffr. On the underside of the asphalt, it is constrained to be a fixed component. Calculations from equations 4 and 5 can obtain the value of the force on the X-axis. However, a specific vehicle model is needed to obtain the CG value so that the value of longitudinal load transfer can be known. An SUV was used as a reference model for calculating the CG. The CG of each part is plotted and then calculated by the weight of each piece to get the CG of the vehicle without passengers (Table 2). No. Components Mass (kg) CG Height (mm) M x CG (kg mm) 1 Front tire* 40,2 362 14552,4 2 Steering 16,2 362 5864,4 3 Front brake* 32,4 362 11728,8 4 Front suspension* 27,7 609 16869,3 5 Rear tire* 40,2 362 14552,4 6 Rear brake* 32,4 362 11728,8 7 Rear suspension* 49,3 482 23762,6 W F © 2023 Global Journals Global Journal of Researches in Engineering Volume XxXIII Issue II Version I 15 Year 2023 ( ) G Investigating the Effects of Load and Deceleration on Non-Pneumatic Tire Deformation and Stress during Braking Table 1: Composition of NPT Materials [21] Figure 2: Validation Process [21] Figure 3: Loading Scheme Table 2: CG Data for Each Part [23] 8 Spare wheel 20,1 476 9567,6 Property Material Polyurethane ( spokes ) Rubber ( tread ) Structuralsteel ( ringhub ) Density (kg/m 3 ) 1.200 1.150 7.800 Poisson’s ratio 0,49 0,49 0,2 Yield stress (MPa) 145 16 1240 Young’s modulus (MPa) 32 11,9 210.000