Global Journal of Researches in Engineering, G: Industrial Engineering, Volume 23 Issue 2

Figure 5: Each model and its components (Park et al. 2018) Figure 6: Each model and its EUI (Park et al. 2018) As showcased in, the fourth model has the least EUI, with 6.7% less than the ON/Off model [9]. While this 6.7% might seem insignificant, pairing this effort with the other proposes measures will yield great results, especially when you scale up your operations. In warehouse & logistic facilities, various equipment is needed to perform its main functions, which depends on the type of material stored in these facilities. These MHEs (material handling equipment) range from forklifts and its types, among other MHEs. Historically, these MHEs are powered through gasoline or other similar fuel, both which emit of GHGs. To offset this, companies need to invest in LIB (Lithium-ion battery) MHEs to reduce their environmental impact [18]. In doing so, their operations will resume as normal, while they save on energy costs since the batteries will be charged instead of fueling the MHEs with gas or any other type of fuel. Depending on the areas’ location, renewable energy sources (such as solar, wind or kinetic energy) can be leveraged to decrease electricity costs and lessen GHGs for existing warehouse & logistics facilities, For areas rich with natural sunlight, installing solar panels or solar cell generators is a sound investment to reduce energy costs. A study has found that solar energy can be used to power the warehouse utilities in the case of solar panels, which can be installed on the roof of a warehouse. The study projected that 60% of the total energy consumption of a facility can be generated by from installing solar cells. Kinetic energy can also be used in conjunction with automation, but it is very expensive [19], so it will be proposed in the next section. a) Automation As mentioned in 2.4, pair kinetic energy with automation for better results. Automatic solution require less heating and lighting, which are two of the biggest energy consumers in warehouse as previously mentioned section 2.1. According to Lewczuk et al., 2021, the breakdown of actual energy consumption in warehouse & logistics facilities is as follows, with the highest being heating and cooling, and lighting: Figure 7: Warehouses end use categories and their energy consumption under different technologies (Variants of warehouses) If you raise the level of automation, you decrease your dependence on labor, safeguard yourself from crises such pandemics social changes, military conflicts, and so forth, and ensure business continuity. b) Mini Containers Temperature controlled food transport are equipped with vapor compression refrigeration (VCR), and they emit huge amounts of GHGs. Alternative refrigeration technologies can be used to minimize or reduce emissions. For example, Bagheri et al (2017) [20] recommends replacing fuel (engine) driven refrigerated transport with battery-powered transport, similar to what is discussed in 2.3. With battery-powered transport, weight will be reduced and emissions too. A newer approach is to use MCs (mini containers), as illustrated in fig 8: © 2023 Global Journals Global Journal of Researches in Engineering Volume XxXIII Issue II Version I 42 Year 2023 ( ) G Optimizing Energy Consumption in Warehouse & Logistics Facilities: Measures for Existing and Future Facilities c) Energy Efficient Handling and Storage Equipment d) Utilizing Renewable Energy III. C onsiderations for F uture W arehouse & L ogistics F acilities