Global Journal of Researches in Engineering, J: General Engineering, Volume 22 Issue 1

concern of researchers: hence the appreciation of the work here present. Thus, several works in the substitution of calcium carbide by another load today is in full evolution. More and more, publications in scientific journals confirm the feasibility of using vegetable and animal loads in the production of plastics as a load especially for reinforcement [1, 2, 3, 8]. The validation of the work in new materials goes through a series of characterization, in order to determine the intrinsic properties of the materials. These properties allow the engineer to validate and enhance the new material by using it in construction in general and allow international standards through publications to generalize them. Thus, the work presented here, which consists of a study of the influence of palm kernel shell powder on the thermal behavior of extruded PVC tubes, this new material as those encountered in the literature, [1, 2, 3], must highlight the characteristic thermal parameters of the said material leading engineers to use it in constructions. This work will consist in elaborating mathematical models to determine the characteristic parameters of PVC tubes to be extruded as a function of the dosage of palm kernel shell powder from the results of the practical thermal characteristic parameters of extruded PVC tubes loaded with palm kernel shell powder at dosages ranging from 0% to 51.02% Taking into account the studies in the use of the shells of palm kernel dura as load for the polymers [8] and that of the elaboration of the tubes PVC loaded with the powder of shells of palm kernel [9], we obtained by the results that the shells of palm kernel are integral part of the materials that absorb heat and conserve it for a long duration. This study allows us to validate the use of palm kernel shells as a new material for heat conservation, since it was designed to solve thermal problems for engineers. In the same way, this study allows to extend the research on the use of the shells of palm kernel on several polymers with the aim of solving the problems of exchange and exploitation of the heats for the resolution of the problems of the humans I quote coating of the walls, clothes for stays in localities with cold climate, protection of the objects requiring the conservation of the energies. Then, a brief presentation of the materials (tubes extruded PVC loaded with the powder of shells of palm kernel dura) obtained in the previous works [9], then the results from the tests in laboratory of the thermal analyses carried out will be made. Then, mathematical models will be elaborated and presented, which will allow the engineer to choose the dosage of the shell powder according to the thermal characteristics of the PVC tubes to be extruded, or to choose the thermal characteristic parameters of the tubes (plastic materials) from the solicitations calculated according to the dosage of shell powder. Also the study of the heat absorption as a function of the decrease in the mass of the PVC loaded with palm kernel shell powder will be carried out. Finally an application of the obtained mathematical models will be carried out to determine the characteristic parameters of the extruded PVC tubes at calculated dosages whose analyses could not be carried out. II. M aterials and E xperimental M ethods a) Materials i. Materials of the study The materials are PVC tubes which were elaborated industrially according to the methodology described in the work of Djomi and his team [9]. They were elaborated in the company SOFAMAC (Société de Fabrication des Matériaux du Cameroun) located in SOA, city of Yaoundé in Cameroon [10]. As a reminder, we used an industrial twin screw extruder for the extrusion. The extrusion was carried out continuously without interruption. The working conditions were the same. The dosages in terms of extrusion additive remained the same as when using calcium carbide as load. The only load used here is micronized palm kernel shell powder, the processing and characterization of which was described in the work of Djomi et al [8]. The raw PVC used was purchased from DANSUK & Cie [11] by SOFAMAC, one of the company's customers. The additives are those commonly used by SOFAMAC to satisfy the Cameroonian people in terms of plastic materials for construction for many years. We produced the unloaded PVC tubes which we called F0, then we produced the PVC tubes loaded with micronized palm kernel shell powder with the following percentages: 4.01% called F4.01; 12.54% which we called F12.54; 23.03% called F23.03; 32.01% called F32.01; 38.02% which we called F38.02 and 51.01% called F51.0. The tubes were checked by the team of the standards of the company in accordance with the respect of the laws that regulate the production of plastic materials in the companies of the production of plastic materials. Figure 1 shows the photographs of the elaborated tubes for each formulation. We point out here after that we will call each tube by the percentage of the dosage of palm kernel shell powder as shown in figure 1. lobal Journal of Researches in Engineering ( ) Volume XxXII Issue I Version I J G 8 Year 2022 © 2022 Global Journals Mathematical Models for the Calculation of the Thermal Properties of PVCs as a Function of Dosage with the Load of Palm Kernel Shell Powder from the Results of Experimental Practice