Global Journal of Science Frontier Research, A: Physics and Space Science, Volume 23 Issue 1

motion, since the kink will rotate with the magnetic wave speed of the torus. Communication from the Correas suggested they incline to the latter case, as if the torus contained a beat – in perfect agreement with Allen's notion of a pulse travelling around the ring-shaped electron as a "small hump" [20]. While the energy stored in the rotating torus is in a non-radiating form, absorption of kinetic energy by the torus will, under specific conditions (collision, field deceleration), originate radiating energy in the form of photons emitted 1:1 by the loops, such that Planck's radiation law stands explained by K = α -2 (h υ p ) (36) where υ p is the frequency of the emitted photons. h / 2π = p e r x (37) Further development of the toroidal model of the electron has led the Correas to analyze dynamic changes in the radial dimensions of the toroidal loops and the magnetic wave speed [6]. It permitted identification of the photoinertial (a.k.a. "spin state") configuration as a limiting one, where the angular momentum conforms to Compton's notion of a wavelength maximum, the Compton wavelength λ ce : h / 2π = p Ae ( λ ce / 2π) = p Ae r o (38) where r o is the radius of the wavelength of the wave speed of the flux in each of the rings of the electron torus while in the (photo)inertial configuration. Such limit is reached when pair annihilation occurs. The same approach also permitted a full understanding of the anomalous gyromagnetic ratio and the Landé factor [6]. Unlike the present explanation for orbital jumps, the torus model of the electron indicates that elastic variation in its volumetric and winding features is not to be assimilated to the fine structure of added kinetic energy. Addition of extra energy does not accelerate the ring rotation – as the ring model held – since the magnetic wave speed of the torus is a conserved characteristic. It is only the loop flux that accelerates to a maximum fixed by the electron mass-energy itself. So-called orbital jumps, then, merely abide by equation 36, as successive kinetic energy states result in emission of resonant photon frequencies. Likewise, the Zeeman effect first observed in 1896 stems from the same resonant process being split by an applied magnetic field. All the consequences of the Correa model of the electron torus cannot possibly be discussed in the scope of the present paper. They range widely, from a better understanding of thermoelectric effects and the quantum nature of the temperature scale, to a thorough revision of Louis de Broglie’s (1892-1987) theory of matter/particle waves, a totally new treatment of the fine structure of nucleons and, most importantly, the discovery of massfree (ambipolar) electricity in induction devices, ambipolar plasmas and nuclear fusion. This complex dramatic breakthrough has been ignored for nearly two decades just as the work that started it all 75 years ago - Reich’s mass to length transformation technique. For those further interested in this earth-shaking science, in-depth learning can only be accomplished by reading the monographs, books and other publications generated by the Correas and their research associates (Dr. Gene Mallove, Dr. Malgosia Askanas, Dr. Harold Aspden, to name a few) at the Aurora Biophysics Research Institute. The Correas have provided various proof of concept machines based on their research – demonstrating the utility and correctness of the theories - some o f which may be commercialized. Descriptions of these technologies can be found at www.aetherenergy.c om. The monographs, me ticulously describing the experiments, thought processes and conclusions can be found at www.aetherometry.com . A cknowledgement © 2023 Global Journals 1 Year 2023 6 Global Journal of Science Frontier Research Volume XXIII Issue ersion I VI ( A ) The Toroidal Fine-Structure of the Electron This suggests that the real measure of angular momentum is simply The author would like to thank Dr. Paulo Correa, Alexandra Correa and Dr. Malgosia Askanas, for their suggestions and support. This research did not receive any grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. The author declares no competing interests.