Global Journal of Science Frontier Research, A: Physics and Space Science, Volume 23 Issue 1

Figure 5: System architecture for farm data analysis and prediction based on Amazon Web Services (AWS) (Note: The AWS icons are available in the open domain) Kinesis Data Analytics (KDA) analyzes streaming data to gain actionable insights and responds to farmers’ needs in real-time. It also generates real-time alerts and dashboards. KDA supports standard ANSI SQL and provides an easy-to-use schema editor. It includes open-source libraries based on Apache Flink. IoT Analytics datasets can be taken to the Quick Sight console (Business intelligence tool) for creating dashboards and visualizations. Red shift is a high- performance, petabyte-scale data warehouse service for analytical processing (OLAP) workloads, while RDS Postgre SQL or Aurora typically stores terabytes of relational data for on-line transaction processing (OLTP) workloads. Dynamo Db stores non-relational data, and Neptune is a fully managed graph database. Glue is a server less data integration and ETL (Extract, Transform and Load) tool used for discovering, preparing, and combining data for data analysis and Machine Learning. Open Search provides for free-text search. Athena is a serverless interactive query service, an upgraded SQL query engine from the Trino open-source project, that makes it easy to analyze data in storage using standard SQL. Amazon has developed their own EMR, which is taking the place of Apache Hadoop and Apache Spark. This makes it simpler to perform tasks that involve big data analysis such as data transformation, graph analytics, and machine learning on a managed cluster platform. Rekognition is part of the artificial intelligence services provided for image analysis. i. Use cases Mantle Labs ( Mantle Labs, n. a.) uses the AWS cloud platform to automate the processing of satellite data from 500 million hectares of agricultural land spanning six continents for tracking vegetation health, soil moisture, and climate impact daily. This service provides an accurate, near real-time risk assessment to the world’s 600m farmers, instantly. The company states that it can accumulate and analyze billions of pixels of imagery from several satellites on a daily basis to create a data cube of the entire world. It uses Elastic Container Registry (ECR) for storing container images and Fargate as a serverless compute engine. ECR allows sharing and downloading of images securely over Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS) with automatic encryption and access controls. Fargate is a serverless compute engine that enables building applications without managing servers. Mantle Labs also leverages Simple Queue Service (SQS) for event-based batch processing of satellite images. The data analysis forecasts crop health, forest changes, climate impact, crop observation, drought impact analysis, and field- level profitability analysis. The deep learning engine has the capability to examine petabyte-scale data to provide high-resolution analysis for any area on the planet. The farmers can use the platform for crop monitoring and near real-time production estimation, including commodity price forecasts, production, and supply chain analysis. To bank and insurance companies, it offers credit risk assessment, underwriting and pricing, portfolio creation and risk diversification, claims fraud management, and processing (AWS, n. a.). Mantle Labs, with the Agri-EPI Centre, offered its Geobotanics platform, which runs crop monitoring solutions, for UK (United Kingdom) food security during the coronavirus pandemic (“ Crops and Soil Newson Agri-tech partners support COVID-19 food security”, 2020 ). GeoPard, Köln, Germany (GeoPard, n. a.) uses AWS for spatial data analytics and artificial intelligence algorithms for crop farming that automates workflows to create VRA maps for seeding, fertilizing, and crop protection based on various data sources and agronomic logic. Variable-rate technology (VRT) allows determination of the exact number of passes over an area to deliver the right amount of farm inputs such as 1 Year 2023 23 © 2023 Global Journals Global Journal of Science Frontier Research Volume XXIII Issue ersion I VI ( A ) Data-Driven Knowledge Agriculture: A Paradigm Shift for Enhancing Farm Productivity & Global Food Security