Global Journal of Science Frontier Research, A: Physics and Space Science, Volume 23 Issue 11

the laws of physics change, but not in the perpendicular direction. The Universe in a sense has a dipole structure. ”[1, 2]. A strong anisotropy of cosmological parameters was found at a level of ∼ 5 σ in the direction (l, b) ∼ (303º, - 27º), which is in good agreement with the data of other cosmological probes [3]. In favor of the local expansion of the Universe, the results of a new study carried out using data from the NASA X-ray apparatus “Chandra” speak X-ray Observatory and ESA's XMM-Newton. Migkas and his colleagues have examined some 842 galaxy clusters during the course of their study, and established that the expansion rate of our universe appeared to differ from region to region. “We managed to pinpoint a region that seems to expand slower than the rest of the universe, and one that seems to expand faster!”, Migkas noted [3]. In article “Probing cosmic isotropy with a new X-ray galaxy cluster sample through the LX−T scaling relation” authors write: “In this work, we investigate the directional behavior of the X-ray luminosity-temperature (LX−T) relation of galaxy clusters. A tight correlation exists between the luminosity and temperature of the X-ray- emitting intracluster medium. While the measured luminosity depends on the underlying cosmology, the temperature can be determined without any cosmological assumptions. By exploiting this property one can effectively test the isotropy of cosmological parameters over the full extragalactic sky. Here, we used 313 homogeneously selected X-ray galaxy clusters from the MCXC catalog and obtained core-excised temperatures for all of them. We find that the behavior of the LX−T relation heavily depends on the direction of the sky. Performing a joint analysis of the three samples, the final anisotropy is further intensified ( ∼ 5 σ ), toward (l,b) ∼ (303º,−27º), which is in good agreement with other cosmological probes [3].In an earlier article “Fundamental experiments on the detection of the anisotropy of physical space and their possible interpretation” 2015 Dr. Yu.A. Baurov, Yu.G. Sobolev, F. Meneguzzo presented a new interpretation of the global anisotropy of the physical space of the Universe [4]. It is radically different from that in the standard cosmological model Λ CDM ( Λ - Cold Dark Matter), the inflationary theory of anisotropy. In space anisotropy, Dr. Yu. Baurov, exposed the cosmological vector potential - a new force of nature (fifth force) generated by the interaction of elementary particles of matter with dark matter and acting in the direction of right ascension α =293 ⁰ ±10 ⁰ and declination δ =36 ⁰ ±10 ⁰ [4]. In 2015, Dr. Attila Krasnahorkai and his colleagues at the Institute for Nuclear Research of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (Debrecen) published an article in which they concluding that they had discovered the fifth interaction [5]. In 2019, Attila Krasnagorsky confirmed the discovery of the fifth interaction in new experiments with helium [6]. This experiment of thy Hungarian researcher Dr. Attila Kraznahorsky interested Professor John Webb as a possible reason for the anisotropy of the value of the fine structure in a strictly defined direction of motion in the Universe (l, b) ∼ (303º, −27º). A group of theoretical physicists led by Jonathan Fan from the University of California (Irvine, USA) decided to check the results of their Hungarian colleagues. Professor Yonotan Feng carefully studied the work of Dr. Attila Kraznahorsky and stated that the fifth interaction does not violate any laws of nature. The new scalar field may belong to a hypothetical dark matter particle - the photophobic X- boson, which, like the Higgs boson, creates a scalar field responsible for the fifth interaction between dark matter and ordinary (baryonic) matter. Dr. Jonathan Fehn of the University of California, Irvine, in a 2017 press release, said: “For decades, we have known about four fundamental forces: gravity, electromagnetism, and strong and weak nuclear forces. The discovery of a possible fifth force will completely change our understanding of the Universe, which will entail the unification of the fifth force and dark matter.”[7]. In light of the above, we can conclude that the value of the fine structure constant can depend on many factors. Next we will look at what exactly can influence the size of the fine structure. II. D ependence of the M agnitude of the F ine S tructure on T emperature D uring the E volution of the U niverse When the vacuum is polarized and transformed into a substance, the change in the vacuum energy w can be represented as a sum [8]: w = w ᵖ + w ᵉͬ (2) where w ᵖ is the vacuum polarization, w ᵖ << E² / 8π; (3) w ᵉͬ is the change in the energy of the substance at the production of particles w ᵉͬ =eET ϗ , ϗ = e 2 E 2 T 4 π 3 exp(− π m 2 ћ E ) (4) The creation of particles is the main reason for the change in the energy of the vacuum. The small value of the reverse reaction w ᵖ implies the limitation on the electric field E strength for the given time T (Es ≈ 10¹ ⁶ [V × cm ˉ ¹] is the critical Schwinger’s field) [9]. For an electromagnetic field, the polarization energy density of a quantum vacuum can also be represented as the sum of two terms (2). Where is the first term w ᵖ ( w ₀ ) quadratic in the electric and magnetic fields: ( ) 2 2 0 8 w π + = E H (5) © 2023 Global Journals 1 Year 2023 36 Frontier Research Volume XXIII Issue ersion I VXI ( A ) Science Global Journal of Fine Structure Constants Across Cosmic Realms: Exploring