lobal Journal of Science Frontier Research, A: Physics and Space Science, Volume 24 Issue 4

replications. This is, in particular, the “4-D gyroscope” of the Russian G. Shipov [9], manufactured at the Research Institute of Space Systems [28]. During testing, this version of the inerzoid, called by journalists a “gravity trap,” developed a thrust of 1–3 g with dimensions of 200x82x120 mm, weight of 1.7 kg and power consumption of 6–8 W. The device was installed on the Yubileiny satellite, launched in 2008. into the space. However, at the insistence of the Russian Academy of Sciences, it was never tested due to fears that “an experiment in space with the inclusion of a new engine would damage the prestige of Russia due to the “contradiction of the principle of operation of the engine with the fundamental laws of mechanics” [29]. Meanwhile, such converters of rotational motion impulse into translational motion are known not only for mechanical systems. In 2003, British engineer Roger Scheuer introduced the world to a propulsion system called “EmDrive”. In the closed conical resonator of this device, a rotating electromagnetic field was created by a conventional magnetron, which during tests in 2006 created a small thrust of 16 millinewtons [30]. Research in this direction received government support, and in August 2013, a message appeared on the official NASA website about evaluating a model of the “corrective” space engine “Cannae Drive” by the American inventor Guido Fett [31]. For eight days, a group of researchers from the Johnson Space Center in Houston (USA) evaluated this engine in various modes and became convinced of its ability to create a thrust of 30-50 millinewtons [32]. A little earlier (in 2009, 2014), in the private Russian campaign “Kvanton”, the engine of the Russian V.S. Leonov was evaluated, which he called “quantum” [33]. His device, with a mass of 54 kg and an electrical power consumption of 1 kW, created a vertical thrust impulse of more than 100 N/kW during testing and ensured its vertical take-off along guides with an acceleration of 10...12 g, which is more than 100 times higher than the best liquid-propelled ones. rocket engines. In 2009–2010, a Chinese research group from Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China, led by Prof. Yang Juan built an analogue of the “EmDrive” and confirmed that the engine thrust reached 720 millinewton [34]. In 2016, this engine was evaluated in space on one of the satellites and proved that its thrust is quite enough to correct its orbit. Despite all this, most physicists still exclude the possibility of creating such installations, since they violate the “laws” of Newtonian mechanics. This gives the analysis of the epistemological reasons given in this article for such a persistent misconception an enduring significance. VII. C onclusion As shown above, the laws of evolution, understood as the development of a system, its complication, the acquisition of new properties and forms of motion, etc., conflict with the laws of their conservation, which exclude the emergence of sources in the material carriers of these forms of motion. This incompatibility served as the basis for a more careful study of the origin of conservation laws, which revealed their complete inconsistency. This is especially obvious in relation to momentum, which, with the advent of vector algebra, gave way to the concept of momentum and momentum as measures of ordered translational and rotational motion. Under these conditions, the law of conservation of scalar momentum in any system, put forward by Descartes as the first fundamental law of nature, acquired a different meaning, which does not contradict the principle of conservation of energy in isolated systems only if energy is understood as a quantitative measure of all forms of motion (both observable and hidden). However, modern ideas about energy are very ambiguous and far from this due to the assumption of the existence of purely potential fields [35]. This law also lost force in Newtonian mechanics, since it was limited to closed systems and, in essence, postulated the law of conservation of momentum M υ by the very definition of force. This deprived the basis for classifying this law as the basic principles of natural science. As for the law of conservation of momentum of internal motion, in closed systems it is always equal to zero, so the very formulation of the problem of its constancy is meaningless. Moreover, external forces in mechanics refer to sources of impulse, which removes the question of the conservation of mechanical impulse and its moment. A deductive approach to the problem of conservation (from the general to the particular) and the use of strict criteria for the conservation of any field value reveal that the law of conservation of momentum of any energy carrier must give way to the principle of mutual conversion of impulses of internal translational, rotational and oscillatory motion in any polyvariant system. From this principle it follows that the impulse belongs to the emergent properties of the system, allowing the possibility of both its emergence or disappearance, and mutual transformation, like various forms of energy. The justification of this principle proposed in the article, based on the law of conservation of energy, and its experimental confirmation given in it give it the status of a law of nature and opens up prospects for creating on this basis new devices that carry out movement due to the transformation of the impulse of various forms of energy [36]. Global Journal of Science Frontier Research ( A ) XXIV Issue IV Version I Year 2024 90 © 2024 Global Journals On the Incompatibility of the Laws of Energy and Pulse Conservation