lobal Journal of Science Frontier Research, A: Physics and Space Science, Volume 24 Issue 4

does not emit light. Contrary to previous assumptions that considered much of space "empty," this new perception suggests that the universe is predominantly composed of dark energy and dark matter, with dark energy constituting about 70% of the universe, dark matter about 25%, and common baryonic matter only 5%. Together, these elements form the basis of the so- called dead universe that permeates the observable universe. [5] In this scientific discourse, the "dead universe" theory is reinforced by empirical evidence from research on axion stars, presenting a strong argument for a cosmos primarily shaped by dark matter and dark energy, rather than being mere residual elements. This narrative highlights the evolution of our understanding of the most fundamental constituents of the cosmos, uniting advanced theoretical physics with metaphysical questions about existence and reality. [4] The work of Dmitry Levkov highlighted that axion stars may form at a faster rate than previously thought, depending on the axion's mass. These discoveries suggest that such stars may be forming within the universe's lifetime and could significantly influence the structure of dark matter, being potentially detectable through their gravitational interactions or photon decay, which could lead to observable radio bursts. [5] The discovery that axion stars can transform into Bose-Einstein condensates under extreme conditions — where all axions occupy the same quantum state, essentially behaving as a massive particle — profoundly deepens our understanding of the cosmos' fundamental structure. Such states have been observed in laboratory conditions on Earth, where atoms are cooled to near absolute zero, presenting a critical phase in which matter exhibits superfluid characteristics, flowing perfectly without friction. Furthermore, updated gravitational laws proposed by Russian researchers align with the "dead universe" theory's view on the unique gravitational behaviors in areas overloaded with dark matter. These new gravitational theories, including modified gravity (MOG), loop quantum gravity, or emerging gravity theories, provide a framework for understanding the unconventional movements observed in galaxies and galaxy clusters, movements that transcend the explanations offered by Newtonian gravity or Einstein's general relativity. Axion stars, as theorized, may serve as a crucial element of this dark universe. These stars differ from conventional stars as they do not emit light from nuclear fusion processes. Instead, they are believed to emit "dark radiation" or "dark light," types of energy that are invisible with current instrumentation but can be detected through indirect gravitational effects or innovative detection techniques that explore various electromagnetic or gravitational interactions. Finally, the "dead universe" theory proposes a cosmos dominated by dark matter and dark energy — components like axions that minimally interact with visible matter or light. In this framework, the universe is imagined as a vast dark expanse where traditional forms of light and matter are seen as exceptions, not the rule. Jamie Farnes, an astrophysicist at the University of Oxford, introduced an innovative theory suggesting a unification of dark matter and dark energy under a single concept known as "dark fluid," which exhibits properties of negative gravity. This revolutionary theory proposes that the forces known for holding galaxies together (dark matter) and for driving the accelerated expansion of the universe (dark energy) are, in fact, manifestations of the same physical phenomenon. [6] [4] According to Farnes, this dark fluid constitutes about 95% of the universe and operates through an unusual mechanism of negative gravity, where objects with negative mass behave counter intuitively: instead of repelling, they attract when pushed. This contrasts sharply with traditional gravity laws, which describe the attraction between positive masses. Farnes' theoretical model explores the hypothesis that, under extreme conditions, these negative masses could group together to form axion stars, or dark matter stars, capable of forming Bose- Einstein condensates. In this state, axions would occupy the same quantum state, behaving as a single gigantic particle. This phenomenon is analogous to what is observed in Earth-based laboratories, where atoms cooled to near absolute zero form a super fluid that flows without friction. [6] [4] In Farnes' model, the interaction between negative and positive masses creates a dynamic "cosmic halo" around galaxies, allowing them to maintain their structural integrity even while spinning at high speeds. This repulsive force generated by the negative mass fluid, as it approaches a galaxy, increases the galaxy's attractive force, creating a delicate balance that keeps the cosmic fabric united and in constant expansion. This innovative approach aligns with the "dead universe" theory, suggesting that the original cosmos is predominantly composed of a dark substance whose fundamental nature we are only beginning to understand. Both theories significantly expand our theoretical framework on dark matter and dark energy, proposing a universe where most of its constitution is not only invisible but functionally inverse to the expectations of traditional physics. The premise that, at the origins of the universe, light was not present; it was created later. Whether according to the creationist belief, which suggests that the universe was enveloped in darkness and that God said "let there be light," or from the scientific perspective of these primordial events, it is undeniable that darkness preceded light. Global Journal of Science Frontier Research ( A ) XXIV Issue IV Version I Year 2024 44 © 2024 Global Journals Astrophysics of Shadows: The Dead Universe Theory — An Alternative Perspective On The Genesis of the Universe