lobal Journal of Science Frontier Research, A: Physics and Space Science, Volume 24 Issue 4

gravitational and magnetic fields, as a result of which the formation of not only virtual, but also real particle- antiparticle pairs is possible. According to Hawking, on the surface of the event horizon the direction of expansion of generated particles ceases to be random, i.e. becomes polarized, orthogonal to the surface of the black hole. [11]. The existence of stable Hawking radiation - the process of emission of various particles by a black hole - was first proved by specialists from the Israel Institute of Technology. The experiment, conducted by Israeli scientists, had to be repeated 97 thousand times over a period for 124 days. To create an analogue of a black hole 0.1 millimeters long, researchers needed 800 rubidium atoms. Itis assumed that in the future specialists will be able to extract energy from black holes using a single reactor. According to the theory, the energy will be generated by Hawking radiation. Scientific material describing the creation of a sound-like black hole in the laboratory was published on February 19, 2021, on Phys.org. [14]. As a result, a considerable amount of matter is thrown into the surrounding space of the black hole. This matter a plasma of the most elementary particles of the universe. It is a huge and still very dense cloud of plasma, retaining the shape of a disk. Its rotation speed is close to the speed of light, and the direction of rotation coincides with the direction of rotation of the original black hole. The radial displacement of matter in the accretion disk is accompanied by the release of gravitational energy, part of which is converted into kinetic energy (acceleration of gas movement when approaching the star), and the other part is converted into heat and heats the disk matter. Therefore, the accretion disk emits thermal electromagnetic radiation. The kinetic energy of the gas upon collision with the star’s surface is also transformed into thermal energy and radiated. The main property of the formation of such X-ray sources will be magnetic solid radiation. Its magnetic field and induction can reach several thousand Tesla, researchers from the LaPlaz Institute, National Research Nuclear University MEPhI and the CELIA laboratory of the University of Bordeaux note in their work [15]. The uniqueness of the experiment is that the parameters of the resulting plasma do not need to be scaled; they correspond to the actual parameters of the plasma in the vicinity of the black hole of close binary systems like Cygnus X-1 (Figure 3). Matter with a temperature of billions of degrees, a density of 10¹ ⁸ particles per cm³ and a frozen magnetic field of more than 2,000 Tesla. It is these parameters that can be detected in the plasma of the active region of X-ray sources. The volume of hot magnetized matter was sufficient to have the essential characteristics of its space prototype [15]. Figure 3: Black hole Swan X-1 The substance of a plasma disk formed by Hawking radiation hear a black hole is gradually stratified into electrons-positrons and neutrons. The mass appearance of neutrons on the outskirts of the plasma disk marks a fundamentally new stage in the life of the formation of the universe. From this moment, the assembly line for the production of chemical elements begins to work. Experimental physics has established for certain that a free neutron decays into a proton and an electron after about 15 minutes. Hydrogen atoms gradually accumulate around the rotating disk of protoplasm and envelop it in a reasonably dense layer. At some point, the density of the hydrogen blanket reaches a critical value, and the free escape of neutrons from the plasma disk becomes difficult. The next cycle of synthesis of atoms of matter begins. The next chemical element of the periodic table – helium.Similar processes of wrapping a neutron centrifuge in a gas cushion are repeated for each new chemical element. The further we move along the periodic table, the denser the outer nucleon layer becomes, and the fewer atoms of a new substance are formed at the output. Therefore, in our Universe, hydrogen makes up 70% of the total mass of all chemical elements. The described process allows us to understand how the synthesis of all chemical components of the universe proceeds. Similar processes of wrapping a neutron centrifuge in a gas cushion are repeated for each new chemical element. Thanks to this, the most common substance in the universe, hydrogen, is born at the output. Professor Vladimir Strelnitsky's article “Masers, Lasers and the Interstellar Medium” discusses the results obtained in three areas of astrophysics: interstellar supersonic turbulence, circumstellar disks, and natural masers and lasers [16]. The masers in the hydrogen recombination lines detected by the Kuiper observatory originate in quasars surrounding massive black holes. They make it possible to study the kinematics and structure of the quasar disk. The lines of hydrogen recombination in the far infrared range turned out to be enhanced. They are the first known natural amplifiers of electromagnetic waves in the laser wavelength region. Analysis of their emissions as well as emissions in other recombination lineages provides a possible clue absence of optical Global Journal of Science Frontier Research ( A ) XXIV Issue IV Version I Year 2024 72 © 2024 Global Journals The Nature of Thermal Radiation from the Universe, Hawking Radiation and Quasar Disks as Natural Masers