Global Journal of Science Frontier Research, D: Agriculture and Veterinary, Volume 21 Issue 7

Refinement in Cultivar of Indian Mustard for Higher Yield Under Thermal Climatic Condition of Uttar Pradesh R. A. Singh α , I. P. Singh σ , V. R. Chaudhary ρ , R. K. Singh Ѡ & S. B. Pal ¥ Abstract- The refinement and assessment based field experiment was laid out during Rabi season of 2002 and 2003 on farmers fields at Mainpuri district under National Agricultural Technology Project, Zonal Agricultural Research Station, Mainpuri. The main objective was to find out suitable variety of Indian mustard for sowing in early period under thermal condition and replace the local Indian mustard cultivar ‘ chhapka’ . The nutrient status of pilot area was low. Five high yielding varieties i.e. Rohani, Varuna, Kanti, Urvarshi, Pusa Jai Kisan were tested with local cultivar Chhapka . The tested varieties of Indian mustard did not much differ in growth parameters but cv. Urvarshi displayed the superiority over all varieties. The lowest seed weight/plant (15.85 /plant) and test weight (4.30 gram) were weighed in local cultivar Chhapka , while highest seed weight/plant (18.00 g/plant) and test weight (4.95 gram) were recorded in cv. Urvarshi . The highest seed yield of 30.80 q/ha was noted under tested cultivar Urvarshi and lowest noted under Chaapka (15.70 q/ha). The other tested varieties yielded seed between these two limits. The highest net return of Rs. 99667/ha and BCR (1:3.56) were computed under Urvarshi cultivar. The lowest net return of Rs. 31717/ha and BCR (1:1.81) were computed under local cultivar Chhapka . The cultivar Urvarshi also increased net income of famers by 3.15 fold, which was higher over other tested varieties. Keywords: chhapka, fog & frost susceptible, fold, thermal climate, urvarshi. I. I ntroduction he South-Western tract of Uttar Pradesh is famous for cultivation of Indian mustard and has maximum area under cultivation in comparison to other part of U.P. The feedback received from the farmer’s fields that the most of farming majority harvest the early planted Indian mustard on available residual moisture of sandy loam, sandy clay loam, light loam and loam sols and save the pre sowing irrigational water. About 1.44 lakh ha cultivation of Indian mustard is popularize with production of 3.55 lakh mt. and 14.00 q/ha productivity under aforementioned situation (Anonymous, 2012), which is about 20.40 per cent in area coverage and 40.06 per cent in production in comparison to total area and production of Indian mustard in Uttar Pradesh (Anonymous, 2020). Majority of farmers grow unreleased cv. Appressed mutant of Indian mustard locally known as “ Chhapka ”, which mature in early period over other high yielding cultivars, but it is most susceptible to higher temperature, which harm to germination of seed. This practice of cultivation of Indian mustard reduces the seed yield. Mostly farmers grow the above variety during mid September. The higher temperature during second fortnight of September increase the mordility of germinated plants, therefore, the reduction in seed yield was noted from the farmer’s field of this tract of Uttar Pradesh. Therefore, the thermal condition of this tract harm to the plant stand is the major problem for cultivation of early Indian mustard. For the refinement of this problem, the different released varieties of Indian mustard were compared with local variety of Chhapka . The suggestion was given to the participants of this study that the assessment will be done by you themselves. II. M aterials and M ethods The refinement and assessment based field experiment was conducted during autumn season of 2002 and 2003 on 25 farmers fields in Mainpuri district under National Agricultural Technology Project by scientists of Zonal Agricultural Research Station, Mainpuri. The main objective was to find out suitable variety of Indian mustard for sowing in early period and replace the local variety Chhapka . The soil of pilot area was sandy loam, having pH 8.2, organic carbon 0.29%, total nitrogen 0.02%, available phosphorus 9.20kg/ha and available potassium 279 kg/ha, thus, the nutrients of experimental area were analyzed low in organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and high in available potassium. The pH was determined by Electrometric glass electrode method (Piper, 1950), while organic carbon was determined by Colorimetric method (Datta et al., 1962).Total nitrogen was analyzed by Kjeldahl’s method as discussed by Piper (1950). The available phosphorus and potassium were determined by Olsen’s method (Olsen et al ., 1954) and Flame photometric method (Singh, 1971), respectively. Five high yielding cultivars i.e., Rohani, Varuna, Kanti, Urvarshi, Pusa Jai Kisan were tested with local cultivar T Author α ρ ¥ : C.S. Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur (U.P.), India. e-mail: rasinghcsau@gmail.com Author σ : KVK, Auraiya (U.P.), India. Author Ѡ : KVK, Jalaun (U.P.) India. The refinement and assessment of different varieties of Indian mustard is the subject matter of this manuscript. 1 Global Journal of Science Frontier Research Volume XXI Issue VII Year 2021 39 ( D ) © 2021 Global Journals Version I