Global Journal of Science Frontier Research, D: Agriculture and Veterinary, Volume 22 Issue 1

A Liana-Like Formation of a Grape Plant A Yu Vaulin Abstract- The article analyzes the main disadvantages of traditional short-trunk formations of grape plants. Strong negative biological consequences of such formations for grapes are noted and a new innovative approach to this question is proposed. Keywords: grapes, bush, shaping system, bush management system, biological efficiency. I. I ntroduction he technology of growing of any cultivated crop, including grapes, should take into account biological regularities in complex and multifaceted processes of their growth and development as much as possible. Technological methods must help plants to optimize the conditions of their passage, and only then the technology will give the maximum economic effect. Unfortunately, under the oppression of centuries-old stereotypes, we do not always do so. A striking example of this is the traditional shaping of grape plants. Shape of bushes and ways of their management are the strongest tools in control of productive process of grape plants [1, p.148]. Of course, various shaping forms, taking into account varietal peculiarities, specificity of the plot, and cultivation technology, have been developed and applied in each region [2, p. 30, 3, p. 134, 4, p. 28], but as is known, nothing is perfect. Therefore, at present, an active search of approaches to improve and optimize the existing and develop new systems of vine bush formation and management is going on. Of course, new systems of formation and management of grape bushes should contribute to a greater extent to the realization of the biological potential of the grape plant. And in our opinion in this direction there are great reserves not used by us yet. II. R esearch O bjective All existing traditional industrial formations have conceptually wrong prioritization of problems to be solved in the process of formation and maintenance of grape bushes. In the first place is the habitus of the plant, although it seems logically correct at first glance, because we need compact plants for large-scale cultivation on large areas, which can fit on trellises no higher than 2-2.5 meters to facilitate the care of plantations. But as we remember in the classification by life forms, grapes belong to the group of woody lianas, which in natural conditions have the habitus of plants of tens of meters. But in all the traditional formation, by very strong pruning, we turn grapes into a two-meter bush, which obviously cannot but have serious biological consequences. It is well known that the growth and development of the above-ground part of any plant, including grapes, is closely correlated with similar processes in the root system. When the above- ground habitus of a grape bush intensively grows during the vegetation period, it is necessarily accompanied by an increase in the habitus and root system. As a result, nutrients are naturally accumulated and conserved in a large root system in autumn for the beginning of growth and development of several hundreds of buds. But as a result of traditional strong autumn pruning, at best a few dozen buds remain on the above-ground part of the bush, i.e. growth points capable of consuming the nutrients stored in the roots are reduced at least tenfold. But even I.V. Michurin noted in his works [5, p.110] that it was absolutely inadmissible to strongly reduce the habit of above-ground parts of a plant at once (in case of grafting a mature tree in one spring, he recommended to extend this procedure for 3-4 years). He believed that in spring all the nutrients in roots are discounted and directed to the buds on the above- ground parts of the plant. f there are too few of these points, some of the carbohydrates that are not demanded by consumers are digested in the tissues of the roots, causing them to die off. It turns out that the grape bush after a very strong pruning of traditional formations tries to eliminate the strong difference between the volume of roots and the above-ground part by more intensive growth of the remaining buds in spring. But biological buffering in this case is clearly not enough, and a significant part of the root system dies in the spring from self-deprecation. And in summer the grape plant is forced to direct a significant part of newly created plastic substances not to the growth of above-ground parts and the formation of yield, which is so necessary for it especially in the short summer of the northern regions of its cultivation, but to restore the dead part of the root system. The second conceptual disadvantage of traditional shaping is also related to very heavy pruning and is obvious to everyone. The process of annual removal of the fruit arrow on the sleeve is not possible without inflicting very large wounds. Even if this is done correctly on one side, in 5-10 years almost all the conductive bundles will die off on this side of the sleeve, and it can only work half-heartedly and needs to be replaced. And we by our wrong actions again force the T 1 Year 2022 2 © 2022 Global Journals Global Journal of Science Frontier Research Volume XXII Issue ersion I VI ( D ) Author: South Ural State Agrarian University, 13 Gagarin str., Troitsk 457100, Russian Federation. e-mail: vaulin@insagro.ru