Global Journal of Science Frontier Research, D: Agriculture and Veterinary, Volume 22 Issue 1

Figure 1: Biological activitiesof phytochemicals from P.oleracea y P. ruderale Approximately 1 kg of each species was collected. The leaves and tender stems were separated and used for the extraction and quantification of bioactive compounds: total antioxidants, total polyphenols, chlorophylls and other chemicals (pH, nitrates, total acidity).The rest of the plant material was dehydrated in an oven at 70 ºC (J.P.Selecta) and subsequently ground (Retsch KG-5657 Haan Remscheid Germany) for proximal analysis. b) Reagents and Standards c) Proximate analysis and minerals determination The analysis were carry out by the official methods: moisture (AOAC 984.25), proteins (AOAC 984.13), fat (AOAC 983.23), fiber (AOAC 991.43) and ashes (AOAC 923.03). Digestion was performed according to AOAC method 985.35. Carbohydrate content was calculated by difference. The minerals were analyzed by atomic absorption spectroscopy. (Thermo Elemental AAseries), except for phosphorus, which was analyzed by colorimetry (AOAC, 2005) d) Bioactive components evaluation All analytical methods applied were optimized and validated for specific vegetal samples analyzes. The total antioxidant content was determined by the DPPH method following the modified methodology of Brand - : the extract was obtained by mixing 0.8 g of the sample with 5 mL of 80%methanol for 1 hour at room temperature in orbital shaker SO1 (Stuart Scientific); then an aliquot of the extract (100 μ L) was allowed to react for 45 minutes in the dark with the reagent (0.025 g/L of DPPH methanolic solution). The absorbance was measured at 515 nm (Schott UVline9400). The calibration curve was obtained with Trolox as standard. The results were expressed in µmoles of Trolox equivalent in 100 g of fresh weight (µmol TE 100 g-1 fw). The total phenolic content was performed by mixing an aqueous extract aliquot (0.5 mL) with the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and sodium carbonate. The absorbance was measured at 750 nm in the UV/V spectrophotometer (JENWAY 6715/UV-Vis) after 1 hour of incubation. Gallic acid was used for the calibration curve. The results were expressed as mg of gallic acid equivalents in 100 g of fresh weight (mg GAE 100 g -1 fw). The chlorophylls content was determined using the adapted Hansmann method (1973): the extract was obtained with 80% acetone. Once filtered, the absorbance was measured at 645nm, 653nm and 663nm (Schott UVline9400). The results were expressed as milligrams of chlorophyll in 100 g of fresh weight (mg·100 g-1 fw). e) Other chemicals: nitrates, pH and total acidity Aqueous extracts of aerial parts were prepared in 1:2 w/v ratio (plant/80%acetone).Nitrates and pH were measured directly with the respective electrodes by pH and ION-Meter GLP 22+ equipment (CRISON).The total acidity was determined potentiometrically with a 0.05 N NaOH solution. The results were expressed as a percentage of citric acid. f) Statistical analysis Each sample was analyzed in triplicate. The analysis of variance and the significant difference 1 Year 2022 35 © 2022 Global Journals Global Journal of Science Frontier Research Volume XXII Issue ersion I VI ( D ) Influence of Cultivation Conditions on the Nutritional Composition and Bioactive Components of Two Undervalued Edible Plants ( Porophyllum Ruderale and Portulaca Oleracea ) The 80% (v/v) methanol and 80% (v/v) acetone solutions were prepared from the analytical grade purity reagents. Sodium carbonate; citric acid, boric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid and phosphoric acid; lanthanum(III) chloride, sodium hydroxide from Scharlau. Trolox (6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl- chroman-2-carboxylic acid); 2,2´-azobis-2-methyl-pro- panimidamine; 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH); Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, gallic acid from Sigma-Aldrich Co. Willams (1995)