Global Journal of Science Frontier Research, D: Agriculture and Veterinary, Volume 23 Issue 1

(DFRRI), Nigerian Agricultural Insurance Company (NAIC), National Agricultural Land Development Authority (NALDA), the National Economic Empowerment and Development Strategies (NEEDS I and NEEDS II) and the Implementation of Comprehensive African Agricultural Development Programme (CAADP), National Food Security Programme (NFSP), the National Fadama Project (Phase I, II and III), the up-to-date Agricultural Transformation Agenda (ATA), (Salisu, 2016). With the purpose of encouraging entrepreneurship among our young people, the Odu’a Commercial Farmers’ Academy has been established to serve a constructive role through empowering the young people with functional skills and appropriate knowledge needed in agribusiness. Odu’a farm settlements project is designed to let new and emerging farmers establish themselves in viable agribusiness. The occurrence of heavy and trace elements in the soil ecosystem is gradually becoming a concern of worldwide issue at private in addition to governmental levels, specifically as soil constitutes a major feature of rural and urban ecological communities (Ogunwale et al., 2022), and can be conceived as a very significant “ecological crossroad” in the landform (Ogunwale et al., 2021). Introduction of heavy elements to cropland soils can spring up from various sources. These comprise the repeated utilization of sewage sludge, mineral fertilizers, farm animal manures, agricultural chemicals, and irrigation water, and from atmospheric fall out which, is one of the almost all serious environmental issues, in Nigeria. Some of the dreads about bioaccumulation of heavy elements in cropland soils and staple food crops come from their possible negative impacts on land fertility and in some cases, their ability to build up at the trophic level (Ogunwale et al., 2021).Amongst the substances that give anthropogenically to pollution of the ecosystem, heavy elements are the most subtle. Arsenic, Cd, Cr, Hg, and Pb are toxic elements of growing ecological concern as they enter the feeding level in considerable amounts. Though some trace elements are necessary in plant nutrition, crops cultivated in the adjoining areas of industrial sites demonstrate increased content of heavy elements, serving in many cases as biomonitors of pollution loads (Ogunwale et al., 2021). Staple food crops raised in soils polluted with toxic heavy elements intake that elements and concentrate them in their consumable and non-consumable portions in degrees high enough to cause health problems both to animals and human beings consuming these element-rich food crops as there is no suitable mechanism for their elimination from the body system (Ogunwale et al., 2021). Toxic elements are known to preclinical concerns, including carcinogenesis-induced tumor growth. Hence, the growing consciousness about the health risks related to ecological chemicals has brought a significant shift in, global interest towards avoidance of heavy element bioaccumulation in air, soil, water, and staple foodstuff crops (Ogunwale et al., 2021). The term 'potentially toxic elements' (PTEs) are also used frequently in research articles to denote elements that are identified to be extremely toxic at elevated contents. Lead, Zn, Cu, Fe, Cd, As, and Ni are among elements that are often referred to as PTEs (Ogunwale et al., 2021). Because of the diversity of vocabularies found in research papers, the term 'heavy elements' are occurred to be the most charming to be used in this work. There is a growing risk of public contact with heavy elements as a result of the consumption of food crops produced in contaminated soil (Ogunwale et al., 2022). There are several reports in the published articles corroborate this statement (Njagi, 2013; Balk hair and Ashraf, 2016; Ogunwale et al., 2021;Ogunwale et al., 2022). The problem of heavy elements invading the feeding level-entails systematic assessments to create timely decisions to prevent serious health effects as a result of the invisible mode of heavy element toxicity (Ogunwale et al., 2021). Risk analyses have been conducted employing various risk assessment techniques, like the hazard quotient (HQ)(Balkhair and Ashraf, 2016; Zhou et al., 2016; Ogunwale et al., 2021), (the health risk index (HRI) (Ogunwale et al., 2021), the morbidity level (ML) (Srinivasan and Reddy, 2009), the enrichment factor (EF), the degree of contamination ( C deg ) and the uptake/transfer factor (UF) (Ogunwale et al., 2021), enumeration, mathematics, and geospatial (Hani et al., 2010). Heavy element exposure takes place considerably by occupational contact. The biotoxin impacts of heavy elements, when consumed beyond the bio-recommended levels, are too numerous to be given little attention to. In most periods, the cultivators who help in sustaining the lives of the citizens through the cultivation of staple crops stand insecure of immediate contact with these toxic elements, via ignorance of these substances. Also, no reported data have been estimated on the Aawe farm establishment. This farm establishment supplies food to adjoining towns and villages in Oyo State and Osun State. It is this relevant to provide baseline information about the levels of toxic elements in this settlement along with equipping the citizenry about the hazards in the use of these substances and the menaces that they pose to the entire ecological community. Farm inputs like fertilizers and agrichemicals are likewise used in the farming of staple food crops, and all these might contain As, Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb, and Zn elements, for staple crops intake on the farm. There is, therefore the need for studies to assay the level of these elements in the staple foodstuffs and soil on this farm establishment. This work estimates the content of some heavy elements: As, Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb, and Zn in some designated commonly consumed Cropland Bioaccumulation Risks of Potentially Toxic Elements in Soil of Some Designated Foodstuffs Cultivated in Odu’a Farm Establishment, Aawe, Oyo State, Nigeria © 2023 Global Journals 1 Year 2023 6 Global Journal of Science Frontier Research Volume XXIII Issue ersion I VI ( )D