Global Journal of Science Frontier Research, D: Agriculture and Veterinary, Volume 23 Issue 1

with a HANNA instrument, pHep®, pocket-sized pH meter (Ogunwale et al., 2021). Electrical conductivity was carried out employing a 10 g dry basis per sample placed in glass beakers with 50 mL of distilled water. The samples were agitated for one hour, and the measurements were done with a HACHUltra meter II 6 Psi serial 6207639. Organic carbon was conducted by means of a potassium dichromate back-titration technique (Ogunwale et al., 2021). The organic matter content was estimated by a factor of 1.72 multiplied by organic carbon modified by Ogunwale et al. (2021). d) Digestion of Samples (both Staple Food Crops and Soil) for FAAS Analysis i. Preparation of Wet Digestion Acid HN0 3 , HClO 4, and H 2 S0 4 were combined in the proportion of 30:4:1 with a view to composing the wet digestion acid mixture. ii. Digestion and Extraction Technique of Heavy Element Analysis for Food Crops and Soil For extraction, 1.0 g per dried and crushed sample was determined with the Metlar Electronic balance (Model MT 2000) scale and placed in a glass beaker. A volume of 5 mL aqua regia was introduced (1:3 HNO 3 : HCl), and the samples were placed in a hot air oven for 30-60 minutes till finally digested. The stove did not possess a thermometer and the temperature was attuned by turning the on and off the stove, endeavoring to keep the temperature at about 100- 120°C. To make sure that the samples did not get burned they were regularly examined. The end of the digestion was noticed by the emission of a dense white fume of perchloric acid (HCl0 4 ) and the decrease of volume to about 5 mL, and then the digestion system was discontinued. The digest was left to cool and conveyed measurably in 50 cm 3 volumetric flasks, then was filled into the grade with laboratory water. The digest per sample was moved into a diverse well- stopper rubber vessel, which was made ready for Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopic Analysis. e) Data Assays i. Translocation Factor Estimation Heavy elements can potentially translocate from the soil to the consumable portions of the staple food crop and can be done by the bioaccumulation factor (BF) (Balkhair and Ashraf, 2016; Ogunwale et al., 2021). The BF contents for the designated heavy elements were estimated employing the following Equation: = ℎ ℎ …………………………….eqn(i) ii. Heavy Element Pollution Load Index (HEPLI) The content of soil pollution perelement was estimated utilizing the heavy element pollution load index (HEPLI) technique dependent upon soil element contents. The resulting reviewed equation was employed to calculate the HEPLI content in soils. = ( ) ℎ ( ℎ ) (Ogunwaleet al., 2021)………………………..…….. eqn (ii) C soil (samples) and C benchmark suggest the heavy element contents in extracts of soil and recommended value for the element. The geochemical recommended values in continental crust mean shale of the heavy features under analysis described by Turekian and Wedepohl (1961) were applied as recommended guidelines of the component element. iii. Risk Analysis for Daily Allowance of Heavy Elements The amount of staple food that can securely be eaten on an everyday basis is estimated from uniting equations for the daily allowance of elements (DAE), human health risk index (HHRI), and target hazard quotient (THQ) (Balkhair and Ashraf, 2016; Ogunwale et al., 2021). The DAE is in line with Balkhair and Ashraf (2016) and Ogunwale et al. (2021)calculated from the daily degree of food consumed (D food allowance ), the content of elements in the food (C element ), and the mean weight of the body of the consumers (B mean weight ) concerning the equation below. The C rate (0.085) is applied to convert fresh green staple food matter to dry matter (Balkhair and Ashraf, 2016; Ogunwale et al., 2021). = × × ℎ ………………………… ..………eqn (iii) where C element , A factor , D food allowance and, ℎ depict the heavy elementvalues in staple food crops (mg/kg), adjustment factor, a daily allowance of foodstuff crops, and mean weight of the body of the consumers, respectively. The adjustment factor (AF) of 0.085 was meant for the transformation of fresh green staple foodstuff matter to dry matter, as revealed by Ogunwale et al. (2021). The mean weight of the body for the adult population was 60 kg, as applied in previous research (Balkhair and Ashraf, 2016; Ogunwale et al., 2021). These contents were also employed for the estimation of HHRI. The daily maximum allowance of 800 g for sweet cassava, plantain, white yam, and maize (Balkhair and Ashraf, 2016) was adopted for this analysis. Cropland Bioaccumulation Risks of Potentially Toxic Elements in Soil of Some Designated Foodstuffs Cultivated in Odu’a Farm Establishment, Aawe, Oyo State, Nigeria © 2023 Global Journals 1 Year 2023 8 Global Journal of Science Frontier Research Volume XXIII Issue ersion I VI ( )D