Global Journal of Science Frontier Research, D: Agriculture and Veterinary, Volume 23 Issue 1

very low concentrations. Zhuang et al.(2009), Zhou et al.(2016), Ogunwale et al.(2021), and Ogunwale et al. (2022)have also signified anHHRI content for As that above the prescribed values in cereals, tuber, rhizome, and vegetables crops. Chronic low-level intake of toxic elements harms human health, and the deleterious impact begins to be evident after manifold years of contact with them (USEPA-1RIS, 2002; Ogunwale et al., 2021). The THQ technique was applied to quantify the potential health risks of heavy element bioaccumulation by means of staple foodstuff crop intake in this work. A staple foodstuff intake value for adults in Nigeria is 800.0 g/person/day, respectively (Zango et al., 2013). In the allowance lifestyles of indigenous inhabitants, the plantain intake in both seasons made up 26.80 and 32.20% of the total intake of staple food. After that maize, white yam, and sweet cassava foodstuffs, each of them made up 25.03 and 24.77%, 25.99 and 24.22% and 22.17 and 18.73%, respectively. The mean THQ values of As, Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb, and Zn resulting from staple food allowance for dwellers (adults) of the study area were recorded in Table 10. The mean THQ values of As via intake of sweet cassava, maize, plantain, and white yam for inhabitants were more than for the other five elements types in this study, signifying that the potential health hazards exposure for As were greater for residents. For staple foods, the As mean THQ values of adults ranged from 7.799-9.205 and 9.461-16.664, respectively, and mean Cd THQ values varied from 0.256-6.390 and 0.384-0.767 for adults in both seasons, while mean THQ values for Cu and Zn were below 1, and Mn above 1.0 utilizing the intake of the plantain types only. These findings implied that the potential health risks of heavy elements through intake of staple foods were the highest for all foodstuff types. Furthermore, the total diet THQ of each element (TDTHQ) values of heavy elements in both seasons decreased following the order As >Mn > Cd > Zn > Cu > Pb (Table 10). This signified that for toxic heavy elements, the potential health risks of As and Mn through staple food allowance were more than for Pb. It has been observed that contact with two or more pollutants may bring about additive and/or cause negative impacts (Zhou et al., 2016; Ogunwale et al., 2021). Thereby, it is difficult to evaluate the potential health hazards of multiple elements by means of each individual THQ value for the heavy stuff. Moreover, the total THQ (TTHQ) of heavy elements is the sum of the unique rich element (As, Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb, and Zn).Target hazard quotient (THQ) values for the four staple foodstuff types, and the values are also presented in Table 10. The TTHQ values for adults via staple food intake in both seasons were 9.986 and 14.937, respectively. This result signified that the inhabitants of the Odu’a farm establishment area might be susceptible to health risks, and the potential health risks for dry season were higher than for the wet season. The relative contributions of As, Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb, and Zn to the TTHQ in damp and dry seasons were 85.36 and 87.74%, 4.48 and 3.85%, 0.43 and 0.52%, 6.36 and 5.08%, 0.24 and 0.36% and 3.13 and 2.45%, respectively; therefore, As was the central element contributing to the potential health risks of staple foodstuff intake for occupants in the study ecozone. V. C onclusions The assigned food crop (sweet cassava, maize, plantain, and white yam) are the staple food for the occupants of the research suburb (Odu’a Aawe environs) and the greater part of especially southwestern parts of Nigeria. It is in thisregion that both major and minor agricultural operations are carried out in Nigeria. Albeit, the content of heavy elements in soils from the large-scale farming area where the study was conducted was relatively low and within prescribed values set by FAO/WHO and NESREA standards. The activities of large-scale farmers had led to heavy element burdening or pollution as present from the calculated HEPLIs. Assessment of element transfers (bioaccumula- tion factors) revealed that there had been a moderate buildup of heavy elements in the designated food crops, with the contents of As above the maximum limit given by FAO/WHO. Variation in the heavy element contents, in the four food crops is a mark of the differences between the absorption potentials and their translocation to the consumable parts of the plants. The assessments of HHRI and DAE have indicated that plantain is more polluted with heavy elements than white yam, maize, and sweet cassava. The research further reveals that the dwellers were unsafe and at risk of being vulnerable to long-lasting health effects from nutritional As and this is of public health issue. Furthermore, HHRI values >1 were also observed for As intake in food crops. It signified that people who are residing in this settlement and the like areas of equivalent agricultural operations in southwestern Nigeria be enlightening not to consume large quantities of these food crops, in an attempt to reduce or prevent extreme buildup of heavy elements in their bodies. The TTHQ values for wet and dry seasons by foodstuff allowance were 9.986 and 14.628, respectively, signifying that the residents of the Odu’a area may be facing health risks owing to foodstuff intake, and that consumers were subject to the harmful effects of ingestion of heavy elements. Heavy element bioaccumulation by nutritional information of food usually occurs slowly and over a long period (years) and could harm human health. Arsenic was the main contributor to potential health hazards of foods tuff in take for inhabitants in the area under study. It is therefore also recommended that a critical research is Cropland Bioaccumulation Risks of Potentially Toxic Elements in Soil of Some Designated Foodstuffs Cultivated in Odu’a Farm Establishment, Aawe, Oyo State, Nigeria 1 Year 2023 13 © 2023 Global Journals Global Journal of Science Frontier Research Volume XXIII Issue ersion I VI ( )D