Global Journal of Science Frontier Research, D: Agriculture and Veterinary, Volume 23 Issue 1

It was being believed that water is a priceless resource and it was being forbidden to pay for using it. As a consequence, low water use efficiencies in all fields of municipalities and agro-lands were estimated. The Pricing water is needed not as a punishment to use but as a kind of financial support for the giant projects which deliver the trans-boundary fresh water from where it is a useless renewable resource to where it is a useful one. These projects are unaffordable to be implemented by the developing countries. Although the water pricing is an effective way to achieve the best water use efficiency, sharing the costs of trans-boundary water systems is easier to be implemented in arid and semi-arid zones. By taking Egypt as an example, a pipeline connects the river Nile with the river Congo saves 887MCm being lost with the Congo river’s up-stream toward the Atlantic ocean. The 4MCm from the Egyptian cuta being lost in the Mediterranean sea, need to be dammed opposite to the surface land flow of Nile’s freshwater toward the sea and slurry walled against of the subsurface intrusion of Mediterranean sea. The 11MCm being lost by the evaporation from the lake of Nasser need to be saved by finding another lake in the northern Egypt. The water delivery through pipelines is not a recent idea but a simulation to the Libyan great manmade river implemented by Muammar Gaddafi. As the price of that pipeline is unaffordable, it needs a financial solidarity from all MENA countries which will put its water under exploitation. Arab water and the Peace water are examples (Hegazy, 2022b ). The water holds dissolved salts in a form of soil solution at a high state of energy or high osmotic potential. As the processes of sinking soil moisture take place, the regime of soil wetness causes a negative matric which limits the easy uptake of water and nutrients with plant roots (FAO, 2020b and Ma et al., 2020). The total high energy state of soil water negatively affects the plant growth, plantation properties and yield of many plants but in less degree of extent in halophytes (FAO, 2020b and Hereher et al., 2022)..The sink term of modified Richard’s equation consists of two components. The first is the soil stress index, SSI, and the second is the soil hydraulic capacitance, β. The two latter terms are being multiplied to produce the root water uptake. β reveals the interaction between the continuum components of soil, water, plant and atmosphere. All degrees of continuum’s response and interaction to abiotic stressors fall under the first law of thermodynamics. Soil hydraulic capacitance can be measured with time and depth, β (z,t), using two types of probes. The first probe for detecting moisture with time and depth, ϴ (z,t), by the resistivity (Ganiyu et al., 2020). The second for detecting electrical conductivity with time and depth, EC (z,t). The collected datasheet of signals with time and depth are inserted in AMUN_SHC. Improving soil hydraulic capacitance under drought and saline conditions requires a successful in farm and out farm managerial practices for soil, water, plant and continuum’s canopy. 1 Year 2023 29 © 2023 Global Journals Global Journal of Science Frontier Research Volume XXIII Issue ersion I VI ( )D The Modified Richard’s Equation for Assessing the Impact of Drought and Salinity in Arid and Semi-Arid Zones. Part Two: A Soil Hydraulic Capacitance